Metaphor, the Soul of Writing

What is the most important part of literary work? It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that it is metaphors – understood not as tropes, but as emotional or psychological constructs. It may be just a metaphor, or a sprawling extended one, but the reason is the same in any situation – a man feels himself a writer most of all when he finds some highly unusual correlation between two completely unrelated things, concepts, experiences, anything, a correlation never seen before. The difference between a non-writer and a writer is that the former may find out that correlation and probably even take a note of it for himself, while the latter will investigate and research it, put it into words, bring this thought to other people and thus will turn it into something greater than just a random thought that appeared in the head of a random person. We are not speaking about trite metaphors here, of course. The important thing is that the metaphor in question should be new, original, not used before. Something that you have really created or noticed, not something you have heard sometime in the past and vaguely remembered until it popped up in your mind when prompted by some outside influence. It isn’t even necessary for other people to see it the same way the author does – after all, his own vision of the thing is what makes him a writer. But in most cases a good metaphor will find its place in the hearts of more than one reader, because similar thoughts were probably lying dormant in the consciousness of other people. The writer probably won’t use the metaphor he found, but the very fact that he noticed it, that he felt some underlying semblance between fundamentally different things is what makes him a writer. And a really good writer is supposed to be especially sensitive to this kind of thing. And, probably, if one sees a metaphor that is too personal and will look too contrived to anybody else, it is still better to write it down, use it somewhere, even if you feel that nobody is going to get what you mean – because a metaphor that is never spoken aloud does not really exist. And who knows, probably it will find some resonance in someone else’s heart? After all, if something is valuable to you, maybe it is valuable to somebody else as well?

Why The Organic Of Organic Brands Are Safer For Human Health

Ten. Ten is the number of ingredients that has been banned in the U.S. for use in personal products due to health concerns. 1,110. That’s the number of ingredients banned by the European Union for the same reason. Due to growing concerns over the risk that different cosmetic ingredients pose to human health-- including cancer, birth defects, and reproductive problems- many consumers are turning towards organic cosmetic brands rather than the typical non-organic brands. This movement is known as the organic movement and has been around since the early twentieth century. The goal of the organic movement was to improve the living quality of humans and sustainability of the environment by promoting the use of organic products. These products†¦show more content†¦This leads to disastrous effects that will be discussed later in this essay. At the end of the day, makeup is washed off the skin, and these chemicals and compounds make their way through the wastewater into aqua tic ecosystems. As the amounts of these chemicals increase, aquatic ecosystems can end up damaged beyond repair. When a product runs out, the containers are thrown away into landfills and the plastics do not break down very fast. Since the use of cosmetics affects both human health and the environment, both human health and environmental impact must be considered when evaluating the safety of organic brands compared to non-organic brands. One major source of hazards to human health can be found in the ingredients of non-organic cosmetics. These ingredients have been shown to be significantly more hazardous to human health than those in organic cosmetics. Two ingredients found only in non-organic brands are parabens and phthalates. Parabens are found mainly in hair care products and skin lotions. These compounds are not water soluble and are able to be absorbed by the skin. Parabens have been linked to endocrine disruption, skin cancer, developmental problems, and reproductive problems (Campaign for safe cosmetics- parabens). As an endocrine disruptor, parabens have been linked to increase the cell division in cancer cells in the breasts. In one study, 19 out of 20 women

Prosses Report On Swimming The Essay Example For Students

Prosses Report On Swimming The Essay In swimming there is no stroke harder to learn then the Butterfly stroke. This is the stroke where the swimmer swims kicking like a dolphin and pulling with his or her hands at the same time under the water and recovering for the next stroke above water with both arms at the same time in an almost circular motion. There are many steps in learning how to execute this stroke correctly. These steps are called drills, when you perform them in the pool. The first drill you should learn is the Kick drill. In this drill you learn to kick with your feet like a dolphin, making sure not to flutter kick with your feet, to move smoothly through the water with your head connected with your spine; this is the position your head is in when you stand with good posture, and make one smooth motion with your arms at your side thrusting only your hips, making a smooth relaxed shallow rolling motion through the water. Also, only one part of your body at a time should be slightly out of the water, starting from the back of your head, and continued down your back to your feet. The next drill to learn is the balance drill. This drill, to me, was extremely difficult to do. The balance drill is almost the same as the kick drill, only the swimmer puts his or her arms out in front of them with one hand on top of the other squeezing his or her head with their arms just behind the ears, remembering the kick drill to keep your head connected with your spine. Make the same smooth rolling motion only this time making sure your fingers are always pointing perpendicular to the wall of the pool, beginning with the back of your arms and head slightly out of the water. Continued down your back and to your feet. When trying this drill, I always moved my hands up and down as I did the rolling motion and it did nothing but make me dive deeper under the water then I wanted to, thus making me go slower. When you can do this drill without drowning yourself, your ready to start your pull drill. The pull drill you should do, is a one arm pull drill. This drill is supposed to help make your shoulders and pectoral muscles more flexible. While flutter kicking, keeping your head connected with your spine, with you arms out in front of you, with one arm, point your hand down perpendicular to the bottom of the pool. Pull back with your elbow bent at about 90. With your tricep level with the surface of the water until your forearm is pointing straight towards the bottom of the pool, or when your hand is straight with your forearm, then you start to make a pushing motion like your trying to push something down into a hole with one hand at your side until your elbow is straight. Then you recover, with your arm straight. Bring your arm up and over the surface of the water back to the starting position. Repeat this motion, alternating arms until your ready to add the kick. Adding the kick to the stroke is hard to explain but I found that it came quit naturally. It seems that every time you kick, after your head has been briefly part way out of the water, you pull with one arm, and when you recover you should have completed one smooth kick and as you bring you arm over to their starting position, it should seem like the momentum of your arm recovery will give your next kick a jump start. Then, repeat this motion alternating each arm. After all these drills you should be ready to put together the whole stroke which presents new problems. I will start you at the starting block to bring you through step by step a 50 yard butterfly stroke. Youre up behind the starting block the announcer says Swimmers step up. You step up on the block, bent over ready to grab the front of the starting block, with one foot in front of the other, the toes of your front foot gripping the front of the starting block or both feet together with toes griping the front of the block. .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf , .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .postImageUrl , .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf , .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:hover , .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:visited , .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:active { border:0!important; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:active , .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c768f0c26b651fbb764a3d7664427cf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Resource Management in Business Essay Looking about 6 or 7 feet out into the water, or the place youre gonna dive into out in the water. 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Springtime Quest Filing An Income Tax Essay free essay sample

Springtime Quest: Filing An Income Tax Essay, Research Paper The Springtime Quest: Filing an Income Tax Return Springtime is a period of metempsychosis of nature, the promise of heater conditions, and a mark that an at hand deadline to register my income revenue enhancement study is at manus. Yes, one time once more I will wade through mountains of paperwork, dig out the # 8220 ; of import documents # 8221 ; file, and spend hours decoding authorities slang that is worded in such a manner that anyone with a high school instruction could understand it, at least that # 8217 ; s what they claim. So, with nervous energy, I rise to the juncture and seek to suppress the one-year pursuit and put the animal to rest for another twelvemonth. My first halt on the pursuit is to the local library. The library is a distribution centre of revenue enhancement signifiers. Upon turn uping the show of signifiers, I am overwhelmed by the sheer figure of different signifiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Springtime Quest Filing An Income Tax Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I hold fought this conflict before, I know that I must take at least one of every signifier or I will happen myself going back to the library to acquire the signifier that I should hold obtained on the first trip. Heaven forbid that they run out of the signifier that I need! Once I have my paper hoarded wealths in manus, I depart to complete the 2nd leg of my journey. At place, I dust off the file cabinet and empty the shortss that contain my of import personal documents that will be needed to register the income revenue enhancement study. The extended of import paper stock list consists of medical grosss, records of involvement paid, and litera lly any other sort of record that may or may non be a factor in the revenue enhancement filing. In the past, I have thrown off receipts merely to happen that the grosss were critical in finishing the revenue enhancement study. I now own a broad four-drawer filing cabinet for of import documents. My following halt in the revenue enhancement filing procedure is to set up cantonment at the dining room tabular array. My preparative steps include a sharpened pencil, several erasers, a reckoner, and a stiff cup of java. I spread the mountain of paper work out before me and turn up the direction book for registering a personal income revenue enhancement return. Now comes the difficult portion. Make I go long signifier or short signifier? There is merely one manner to happen out which method to register, finish both types of signifiers. Long into the dark, I labour over the authorities slang and referencing, that I am sure is intended to confound the mean intelligence. After many hours of focussed energy, I complete and compare the two methods of filing. The 1 that nets me the most return or causes the least sum of loss is signed and stuck in the mail. I realize that income revenue enhancement supports many worthwhile plans and I enjoy many of the benefits that are funded by revenue enhancements. But, I can # 8217 ; t assist but believe that the authorities, in their attempt to cover all the angles, developed a revenue enhancement filing system that is intimidating and cumbersome. There must be a better manner. My solution to the job is simple, following twelvemonth I am traveling to pay a professional revenue enhancement service to fix my income revenue enhancement return.

IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essays

IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essays IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essay IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essay IT ( information engineering ) is a term that encompasses all signifiers of engineering used to make, shop, exchange, and utilize information in its assorted signifiers ( concern informations, voice conversations, still images, gesture images, multimedia presentations, and other signifiers, including those non yet conceived ) . It is an incorporate frame work for geting and germinating IT to accomplish long term every bit good as short term ends. It has both logical and proficient constituents. Logical constituents include mission, functional and information demands, system constellations, and information flows. Technical constituents include IT criterions and regulations that will be used to implement the logical architecture. Information Technology section in any endeavor works in following manner: END USER TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Much of an organization’s computing machine processing is performed by end-users utilizing their desktop Personal computer. When these end-users incur a computing machine job ( unable to logon, pressman does non work, etc. ) , they call the IT section for proficient support. Depending on the nature of the job, the IT section may help the user over the phone or direct a technician to their location. DESKTOP MANAGEMENT: Pull offing single desktop computing machines, laptops and peripherals is a basis of the IT section undertakings. Desktop direction of single computing machines includes: installing of new hardware constituents or package, package license disposal, equipment fix and care. NETWORK MANAGEMENT: Making certain that the computing machine web is ever available with safe and unafraid information is the most of import undertaking for the IT section. Not merely does this affect the physical installing of telegraphing throughout the installation, but besides the installing and monitoring of the firewall, waiters and other equipment to maintain the web running at extremum efficiency Voice AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS: The IT section maintains the telephone and computing machine systems that allow employees to link with other employees, clients and providers through the usage of voice mail, electronic mail, facsimiles, message boards, and Internet and intranet web sites. This includes organizing new demands with third-party service suppliers. Business Applications: Developing and keeping the concern systems that operate the organisation are indispensable undertakings of the IT section. This includes package for fiscal, fabrication, gross revenues and distribution systems, every bit good as general office disposal, such as word processing and spreadsheet applications. LITERATURE REVIEW: Business and information systems executives continue to fight in finding final payments from investings in information engineering, which is of import to analysis for any concern utilizing IT. A figure of surveies show that executives’ perceptual experiences are cardinal to understanding how IT impacts steadfast public presentation. For illustration, research workers found that a CEO’s perceptual experiences and attitudes towards IT and the sense of importance they attribute to IT are strongly associated with an organization’s progressive usage of IT. In bend, managerial cognition of, and attitudes towards, IT and the IT clime within an organisation are utile indexs of how IT is used to back up the concern scheme. Adding to this, Grover, Teng, Segars A ; Fiedler used perceptual information from IS executives to bring out a nexus between IT diffusion, procedure alteration and productiveness additions for each of eleven different engineerings. Finally, Broadbent A ; Weill posit a relationship between managerial perceptual experiences of the function of IT substructure, the sensed value of that substructure, and IT investing prejudices. Looking across t hese surveies, it is apparent that concern executives are progressively cognizant of the function of IT and are more willing to take portion in IT investing determinations as a manner to guarantee that IT delivers on its promises. Dimensions of IT Business Value: A Review of the Research Literature Procedure Planning and Support IT improves planning and determination devising by bettering organisational communicating and coordination and by heightening organisational flexibleness [ I ] Supplier Relations ( Inbound Logistics ) Use IT to organize provider linkages and cut down hunt costs [ II ] Information technology can better communicating, quality control and bringing techniques taking to Competitive advantage [ III ] Production A ; Operationss Use IT to present enhanced fabrication techniques through computer-aided design [ IV ] Improvements in the production procedure can take to economic systems of graduated table in the bringing of merchandises and services [ V ] Integrating IT into the terminal merchandise and the usage of advanced fabrication procedures can enable a greater scope of merchandises and services [ VI ] Product A ; Service Enhancement IT can be used in the development of new merchandises and services [ VII ] IT can enable merchandises and services to be unambiguously differentiated in a assortment of ways [ VIII ] Gross saless A ; Marketing Support The development of new merchandises and services can enable an organisation to place and function new market sections [ IX ] IT can be used to track market tendencies and responses to marketing plans [ X ] Customer Relations ( Outbound Logistics ) IT can be used to set up, sustain and better relationships with clients [ XI ] Bettering client dealingss can ensue in improved market portion [ XII ] One paper was written byPaul P. Tallon, Kenneth L. Kraemer, Vijay Gurbaxani( Executives’ Perceptions of the Business Value of Information Technology ) . In this paper they introduced procedure degree theoretical account of IT concern value – defined as the part of IT to tauten public presentation in production, logistics, gross revenues and selling, client services and administrative support called value concatenation, value stores or value webs. They focused on concern executives conformity with the increasing function of these persons have in IT investing determinations. Business executives prosecute a more active function in make up ones minding how, when and where IT resources should be used. They used the undermentioned hypothesis for their research work: H1: Executives in houses with more focussed ends for IT will comprehend higher degrees of IT Business value. H2: Executives in houses with more focussed ends for IT will comprehend higher degrees of strategic alliance. H3: Higher degrees of strategic alignment contribute to higher degrees of IT concern value. H4: Firms with more focussed ends for IT will do greater usage of IT investing rating. H5: Firms that make greater usage of IT rating techniques will accomplish higher degrees of strategic alliance. H6: Use of post-implementation techniques outputs higher sensed degrees of IT concern value than pre-implementation techniques entirely. In order to prove the foregoing hypotheses, during mid to late 1998, they mailed studies to a random sample of concern executives in about 1,500 houses worldwide. They found consequences for H1 that executives in houses with more focussed end for IT consistently perceive higher degrees of IT concern value through value concatenation. This confirms corporate ends for IT are an of import determiner of sensed final payments from IT. Researchers argue that strategic alliance is an of import determiner of IT concern value In this research paper they found that Executives in houses with more focussed ends for IT perceive higher degrees of strategic alliance and higher degree of strategic alliance are associated with higher sensed degrees of IT concern values. Therefore, H2 and H3 are supported. Operations-focus houses make more frequent usage of pre-implementation techniques than market-focus houses, possibly bespeaking that it is more hard to measure IT investings in strategic placement than in operational effectivity. Jointly, these findings provide support for H4, corroborating that houses with more focussed ends for IT make greater usage of IT rating techniques In utmost instances such as unfocussed houses without clear ends for IT, there is still a possibility that greater usage of IT rating techniques could ensue in improved degrees of strategic alliance, which in bend could take to higher final payments from IT. Therefore, H5 is supported. They found that the partial correlativities for both post-implementation techniques are extremely important, whereas the correlativities for the pre executions techniques are identical from nothing. Therefore, H6 is supported. Decision: Many researches besides support the usage of executives’ perceptual experiences in measuring IT investing final payment, though merely in the sense that perceptual experiences are a placeholder for nonsubjective steps of realized IT concern value. Contrary to media studies that executives are dissatisfied with IT, many surveies found that executives are, with some exclusions, satisfied that their current degree of IT disbursement will assist them to accomplish their concern ends. Furthermore, the ends that these executives espouse for IT investings act upon their pick of direction patterns, which in bend influences the degree of perceived IT final payments. When there is clear ends for IT investing, there is grounds to propose that IT is positively impacting steadfast public presentation at multiple points along the value concatenation. Management patterns besides play cardinal function in making IT concern value, assisting to turn strategic purpose for IT into place final payments for the concern. When houses make greater usage of station execution reappraisals, executives will comprehend higher degrees of IT concern value. This shows clear benefits from specific IT investing against underlying specific aims with possibility of presenting disciplinary action if necessary. As endeavors struggle to recognize good final payments from IT investings in short term this could be achieved through greater strategic alliance, reenforcing the demand to stipulate clear and unequivocal ends for IT and for long term endeavors could see traveling towards more strategic or focussed ends of IT, which leads to high returns.

Gift-Giving Guide for College Students

Gift-Giving Guide for College Students Gift-giving as a college student can be complicated. Of course, youd love to treat all of your friends and family to big, beautiful gifts ... but your budget and time restrictions often prevent doing so. What options are there, then, for college students who want to give great gifts without seeming cheap or lazy? Gifts Based on Recipients Great Gifts for Your College Boyfriend or Girlfriend. Its hard to come up with a meaningful, reasonably priced, personal gift for your significant other.Gifts for a College Roommate. A college roommate is like no one else; after all, what other person knows so much about you, puts up with your ridiculousness, and lets you eat their cereal when youre meal plan runs out? Whether its for a roommate birthday or the holidays, make sure you get something unique for this important person in your life.General Gift Ideas for Moms. Be it for Mothers Day or her birthday, getting a gift for Mom  is a must-do. Dont forget to make a phone call if youre away at school on the big day, too!Gifts for Your Siblings. You may have been incredibly close to your siblings before you left for school, or you may have been glad to have them no longer annoying you at the dinner table. Either way, forgetting a gift for your sibling can be an unforgivable offense! Gifts Based on Situations Low-Cost Gift Ideas. Regardless of whom your gift is for, it needs to fit within your budget. Thoughtful low-cost gifts will make you look anything but cheap.Last-Minute Gift Ideas. Alright, so your friends/roommates/brothers birthday totally sneaked up on you. Last-minute gift ideas based on someones hobby or creative outlet can help cover your oops-I-nearly-forgot tracks.Unique Valentines Day Gifts. With so much hype, it can be hard to come up with gift ideas for Valentines Day that are original and inexpensive.College Graduation Gift Ideas. Graduation season can get so chaotic that its easy to forget to get a college graduation gift that adequately celebrates this major milestone.

Comparative Analysis of World War II and the Cold War Essay

Comparative Analysis of World War II and the Cold War - Essay Example The war was divided between the Germany and its allies known as the Axis and the United Kingdom and its allies known as the Allies.2 The Cold War began at the close of World War II and endured until the early 1990s.3 Although two entirely different types of conflicts both the Cold War and World War II posed a threat to Western democracy. In both conflicts there was a fair balance in terms of wealth and military capabilities. It involved an aligning of enemies and allies. However, unlike the Second World War, the opposing sides did not meet on the battle field and a winner was never declared.4 Moreover, the Second World War involved only one front. That front was a military front. However, the Cold War involved several fronts, they were: Both conflicts invariably involved the advancement and suppression of political ideologies. Nazi Germany and its allies opposed Westernization and wished to promote Hitler’s political culture while the West had no desire to give in to the demise of Westernization. The Cold War involved an identical clash of opposing political visions between the United States and her allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The following discussion examines in greater details the similarities and differences that fueled both the Cold War and the Second World War. In June of 1941 World War II continued to spread when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Pre-existing relations between the Soviet Union and the Unite States as well as Great Britain was characterized by hostility and mistrust. Despite these differences the United States came to the Soviet’s aide via its Lend-Lease Act of March, 1941. During this time the Soviet Union was led by Joseph Stalin while the United States was led by President Franklin Roosevelt.6 Through the auspices of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941, the US and Soviet corporation was most visible. This hand of friendship

Course project - Group G Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Course project - Group G - Essay Example In this case, in making sure requirements are quite understood, there is need to find out the actual driving changes in the levels of staffing for the company. In order to achieve this, one has to make sure he/she fully understands the business alongside its plans and strategies. Secondly, the company needs to find out the needs of the driving staffing. This encompasses establishing what actually creates or changes the company’s staffing requirements, whether defined by the staffing levels or skill levels (Thomas 118). It is worth noting that, more often than not, the requirements of staffing are driven by business activity changes, either services mix or product mix, the geographical expansion, service improvement, alongside similar factor as highlighted in chapter 5 of the staffing drivers. It also essential for the company to find out the constraints that regards staffing. Other than defining the staffing drivers, the company needs to identify the limiting factors in regard to the staffing levels required. For instance, supposing the marketing forecasts products to increase sales by on average 20 percent for the following year, and the levels of sales drives the sales reps required. Looking at it at the first glance, one would conclude that the increase it would be appropriate to increase the number of sales reps. However, maxing out the manufacturing capacity, and making sure that the manufacturing capacity remains unchanged in the next year, there is low likelihood that there would be additional products produced. This happening would imply that there is no likelihood of sales increasing since there would be no additional reps needed. Fourthly, in defining the staffing levels, the company needs to begin defining changes in both positions and roles. Before attempting to define the staffing levels of staffing required, the managers should first establish the roles alongside changes required in implementing business strategies and plans. In

Business ethics Essay Example for Free

Business ethics Essay It is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in business environment. It applies to all aspect of business and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organization. Ethics is mainly concerned with what is good versus bad, what is right versus wrong. Deontology is an ethical theory that holds that actions are right or wrong independent of their consequences. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that actions are right if they produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Corporate social responsibility is the obligation towards the society assumed by business. The business maximizes its positive effects on society and minimizes and its negative effects. An illustration of of an ethical and social responsibility issue related to the textile manufacturing business. In today’s global business where large multinational corporations like the textile industry face charges of violating human rights in third world countries. Using child labor questions the human rights, ethics and social responsibility of the textile manufacturing industry. An analysis of how the textile manufacturing illustration applies to decision making and operations in an ethical and social responsible business. The economic responsibilities of business would produce products that society wants at a price that perpetuates the textile business. The textile manufacturing business decides on legal responsibilities where the obey local state federal and global laws. The textile manufacturing business makes decision based on their ethical responsibilities of meeting other societal expectation written or not written by law. Ethical obligations are a set of â€Å"ought to† standards that define a moral course of action and draw a line between right and wrong. Although ethical obligations in business share similarities with legal rules and regulations in determining how a business conduct itself while striving to make profit and achieve strategic company goals. Ethical obligations are really more about discretionary decisions value guided behavior. For example respecting the religious sentiments and dignity of people while advertising for a product. Legal obligations every business has a responsibility to operate within the laws of the land. Since these laws are meant for the good of the society, a law abiding enterprise is a socially responsible enterprise as well Scope and objectives The scope of ethics indicates its subject matter. Ethics as normative science deals with moral ideal or the good in order to enquire the nature of our conduct. It enquires into the nature of the springs of action, motives, intentions, and voluntary actions and so on. It determines rightness or wrongness of human action. As a science of morality ethics discusses the contents of moral consciousness and the various problems of moral consciousness. Ethics is concerned with the highest good or absolute good. It investigates the nature of its fundamental notions that is right, duty and good. It includes whatever has reference to free human acts, weather as principle or cause of action or as effect or circumstance of action (merit, punishment etc. ) Ethics discuss the nature of human freedom . ethics investigates what constitutes good or bad, just or unjust. It also enquires into what is virtue, law, conscience and duty? What obligations are common to all? What is good in all good acts? These questions lie within the scope of ethics. Objectives: Some of the most common ethical obligations in business relate to recruiting and hiring staff, maintaining safe and healthy work environment use business resources wisely and avoiding situations that have the potential to create a conflict of interest, such as accepting gifts from suppliers or making a hiring decisions not because the applicant has the best qualifications but because the applicant is a relative of the business owner. It also includes considering how and where suppliers get their products and weather to sell the products that are detrimental to the health of customers such as cigarettes and fatty foods.

Drug Abuse and Addiction Essay -- Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse

Drugs Abuse occurs when a drug is taken for unintended purposes and can lead to addiction. Addiction occurs when a person must use the drug to feel and function normally. Addiction occurs in two types, physical and psychological. Physical addiction is caused by the brain, the brain produces fewer chemicals or neurotransmitters to make up for the extra chemicals therefore the brain needs the chemicals from the drug to reach the correct balance and individual becomes out of touch with reality. Psychological addiction is much simpler, the individual simply likes the way a drug makes him/her feel and must have it, therefore becoming addicted. (Lawrence, F. 1996) Addiction has six steps. The first step is occasional use; a person takes his/her first drink or uses other drugs for the first time, and likes the way it feels and the way it reduces stress, the individual then starts using the drug in social settings. Step two is occasional trouble with drugs; a person shows mood swings or personality changes, they may experience blackouts, where they do not remember what was said or done. Step three is regular use of the drug; tolerance therefore increases and use of the drug can not be controlled and the individual denies having a drug problem. Step four is multiple drug use; drugs may be combined or switched for a new and stronger effect, the individual may then become a cross-addict or hooked on more than one drug. Step five is increasing dependency; the individual needs the drug to function and the drug no longer has the same effect. If the individual does not have the drug they will start shaking, feel sick, lose interest in school, family, or work. Step six is total dependency; the individual suffers from a maj... ...e in smokeless tobacco is addictive. Smokeless tobacco causes the production of more saliva and users swallow some without knowing it; this then introduces tar and other chemicals into the digestive and urinary systems. Cancer of the pharynx and esophagus may result. Irritation causes leukoplakia, thickened, white, leathery spots on the inside of the mouth. This can result in cancer of the lip or mouth. Users also get tooth decay, inflammation of the gums, loss of teeth, bad breath, discolored teeth and decreased ability and taste, especially salty and sweet foods. (Lawrence, F. 1996) Drug abuse is a serious issue. Not many people are aware of how serious it is. Drug abuse is so serious because it has physical and psychological affects that are fatal. Because of the fatal results drugs can have on the body people need to educate themselves and never use drugs.

Research Paper Women’s Rights

Alexandra Moore English 11 Mrs. Carwile November 14, 2012 Research Paper Final Draft May 21, 1969 was the day that an African American woman, Shirley Chisholm changed the lives of women in the United States. Why have women been given unequal opportunities? Why are they seen as different mentally? Chisholm addresses many questions like these in her speech to speak out for the women, to question the authorities which they have been afraid to stand up against. One event can lead to many outbreaks in society that lead to a good or an unlucky future.For women, the time had come to create a high-quality future for themselves and the generations to come. Until the late 1960’s women struggled with discrimination and prejudice with political, civil, and economic rights and Shirley Chisholm took the act to stand up for the unspoken women with her â€Å"Equal Rights for Women† speech in the House of Representatives. Shirley Chisholm was a trademark in the late 1960's and is still known to this day for her bravery and compassion towards gaining rights for women.In the United States Congress, Chisholm was the first black woman elected. The text states, â€Å"As much a feminist as an advocate of civil rights, Chisholm claims that being a woman was more of a disadvantage in her political career than being black† (Martin and Sullivan 1). She was a very successful woman involved in many political groups including the Seventeenth Assembly District Democratic Club, New York State Assembly, Congressional Committee, and also ran for the democratic nomination for presidency.One can see this when stated, â€Å"Chisholm served fourteen years in the U. S. House of Representatives and was one of the most well-known women in America in her time† (Gifts of Speech 1). Although she was productive in the assembly, she became known to be politically rebellious and fearless by which she was outspoken with her own views and beliefs. This is seen in the text as, †Å"Shirley Chisholm challenged that the conscience of the whole nation needed to be aroused to oppose racism against blacks and sexism against women† (â€Å"Chisholm Becomes First† 3). She was an activist etermined to support women with their unlived rights by gaining political power. Political rights were one of the largest discriminates against women. Shirley Chisholm states in her speech, â€Å"†¦The truth is that in the political world I have been far oftener discriminated against because I am a woman than because I am black† (Chisholm 1). This is surprising knowing that this time period was heavily influenced by discrimination towards African Americans. Whether it is voting or representation in congress, women had fewer opportunities to have influence in politics.It could be either the voting systems such as proportional representation and majoritarian systems or the elimination of quotas. As shown in the text, â€Å"Although women formally have equal p olitical rights in most countries, their representation in parliaments and governments is far below their proportion in the population† (Prugl 2). In the total seats in parliaments, women hold less than twenty percent. Taking into account that in the United States population there are 3. 5 million more women, this situation is shameful.Also one can find in her speech, â€Å"‘Women are already protected under the law and do not need legislation†¦If women are already equal, why is it such an event whenever one happens to be elected to Congress? † (Chisholm 2). Parliament saw the opportunity to say that women and men are equal but have no information to back this up. They say women and men are equal but make a big deal if one becomes elected into congress. Chisholm defends the need for political rights for women and how there should be no higher principles with men.Women also struggled with economic rights and the most popular dealt with jobs and pay versus men. The topic that prejudice has become acceptable is present throughout Shirley Chisholm's beliefs on economic rights. She is respectful yet aggressive while addressing the following: â€Å"‘There is very little understanding yet of the immorality involved in double pay scales and the classification of most of the better jobs as ‘for men only. ‘ More than half of the population of the United States is female. But women occupy only two percent of the managerial positions† (Chisholm 1).It has become obvious the women were not given the same amount of pay and less job opportunities, specifically higher positions. It ties back to the political rights and how it is acceptable for women to be teachers and secretaries, but not managers, lawyers, or members of congress. These rights pertain to the labor market and although women have always worked in poor rural areas, the idea that women are limited to the positions leads to restrictions of their right to work. The ri ghts affected women highly economically with no quality or high paying jobs.The final rights women struggled with were civil rights which dealt with citizenship, personal, and social standards. Chisholm included in her speech, â€Å"‘Women need no protection that men do not need. What we need are laws to protect working people, to guarantee them fair pay, safe working conditions, protection against sickness and layoffs, and provision for dignified, comfortable retirement† (Chisholm 1). There should not be as much protection for women and specifically, there should not be more than men.There needs to be a larger focus on protecting the workers who need to be provided with more comfort in what they do. Women's civil rights including marriage and family law, are more contested than that of their political rights. More textual information shows, â€Å"Civil rights include the rights to hold property, to be treated equally in the courts, and to freely choose a residence or domicile. They also include equal rights to enter marriage and freely choose a spouse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Prugl 2). All of these rights are necessary and should be given without question.There is no reason for men to have these responsibilities and not women. With these women can take more control of their own life which many did not have leading up to the 1960's. The nineteenth century was a time of change and introduced improvements for women in the women's rights movement with the demand for the same legal rights as men. By the late 1960's most equality between men and women was gained. One can see in the text, â€Å"The Equal Rights Amendment was the central goal of the women's rights movement in the 1970's† (Phelps and Lehman 4).A suggestion that has been in front of congress since the early 1900's was the equal rights amendment which became part of the basic laws in the rights movement. Shirley Chisholm was made an impact in history with her desire to create a better life fo r women just like herself. It was a time period for change and for women to be able to speak up for themselves. Chisholm's â€Å"Equal Rights for Women† speech was historical and changed the lives for women in the United States, allowing them to gain political, economic, and civil rights. 1,208 words

Looking for loans

The problem with borrowing money from a rich uncle for starting a business is that 1) the funds can be stopped at any time; 2) your uncle ordinarily can not provide the practical advice necessary for growing the business; and 3) your relationship with your uncle might be ruined if the business goes under. Two alternate methods of looking for loans are as follows: SBA loans and venture capitalists SBA administers three separate, but equally important loan programs. SBA sets the guidelines for the loans while SBA’s partners (Lenders, Community Development Organizations, and Microlending Institutions) make the loans to small businesses. SBA backs those loans with a guaranty that will eliminate some of the risk to the lending partners. (www.sba.gov) The advantages of a SBA loan is that often it is usually easier to get a SBA loan as opposed to   a traditional bank loan and the SBA itself is an invaluable resource of information and classes about starting a small business. Venture capital is money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research, especially in high technology, in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable.   Venture capitalist finance startups in exchange for a share of stock once the company goes public.   Normally, financing is done in rounds.   For example, a company is given 12 million dollars and, once that money is exhausted, it applies for another round of financing. Venture capital is mostly limited to high tech companies and is hard to obtain.   Only one in a thousand prospects presented before a venture capitalist actually gets funded.   Also, it takes time and money to make presentations to venture capitalists. Most venture capitalists are located in large metropolitan areas, such as Silicon Valley; hence, if you have a business located outside a large metropolitan area, you should factor in the travel time involved in contacting venture capitalists into your decision to use venture capital as a source of funding.   Also depending solely on venture capital for funding is risky because financing rounds are not guaranteed.   Your company may have to suddenly close down if you find that you have exhausted your round of financing without turning a profit. â€Å"SBA Financing Basics† (n.d.).   Retrieved from http://www.sba.gov/financing/basics/basics.html References â€Å"

Microbes Essays - Microbiology, Bacteria, Bacteriology, Extremophile

Microbes Essays - Microbiology, Bacteria, Bacteriology, Extremophile Microbes Can All The Microbes Be Destroyed? Tina Marie Partin Somerset Community College Bio 226 Principles Of Microbiology Dr. Md. Jahurul Karim 2/07/2012 Can All The Microbes Be Destroyed? With all the emerging technology which allows us to study and understand microbes, it is now imperative to ask ourselves if destroying all the microbes on earth would be a possibility. The answer is no. Destroying all microbes on earth would not only be impossible, it would be impractical. Microbes assist humans and the earth in many ways, such as making food edible, maintaining normal flora in the human body, microbes are also used in many modern medicines, and lastly microbes are involved in cycling vital elements such as carbon and nitrogen, breaking down wastes and dead organisms into simpler substances plants can use in photosynthesis (Cohen 2002). Although microbes benefit us in so many ways, many scientists today have pondered destroying all microbial life. Thankfully, due to the hardiness and the will to survive, most microbes have certain characteristics which would allow them to survive extinction. Not only would microbes have the ability to fight back, microbes behave so d ifferently that destroying them with one source would be impossible. If the world did have all the technology needed for the destruction of all microbes including infectious diseases, it would become a deserted waste land that would not be suitable for life. In order to understand why microbes would survive an assassination attempt, we must understand what characteristics microbes have that would ensure their survival. Destroying all microbial life is impossible due to the characteristics of most microorganisms. Like most living things, microbes have many characteristics that would allow them to survive destruction. For example, some of the most extreme survivors of microbes are known as extremophiles. These microbes have been found living in a few inches below the surface in suspended animation without water. The microbes that can survive without water have activated a sequence of DNA, which compensates for lack of water. Scientists have also found microbes that survive beyond -100? F; these psychrophiles have a remarkable cellular ingredient that prevents the formation of ice crystals, while others huddle together into mats of biofilms. Other microorganisms however have evolved a love for heat. Miles below the ocean?s surface, scientis ts have recently discovered organisms thriving in unforgiving territories where temperatures exceed 600? F. In this kind of dark landscape photosynthesis is not a possibility so certain kinds of single-celled archaea have developed a unique alternative called chemosynthesis: a means of converting inorganic hydrogen sulfide dissolved from rocks into food. And finally when it comes to acidity, human?s blood has to stay between 6.8 and 7.8 to support life. But scientists have found microbes in Yellowstone National Park that were adapted to a pH of 10. These microbes have the ability to keep the pH inside their cells neutral. With extreme characteristics such as these, microbes are determined to ensure their survival (Cohen 2002). After understanding some of the extreme characteristics of certain microbes, it is imperative that science must understand that destroying microbes by one source would be impossible. It is estimated that microbes have been around for billions of years, so they have endured some of the most extreme types of life. When we look around we don?t see microbes but they are everywhere. They around us, they are on us, they are in us. Most of us understand that if we destroy microbes, we destroy ourselves. Let?s just pretend for a moment that human life does not need the imperative essentials provided by microbes and we can do without them. So now the question is: How are we going to destroy them. From the information above we see that some microbes have the ability to survive the most extreme of heat, some survive the most extreme of cold, some doesn?t need water at all, and some live in the most extreme of acidic levels. Also many viruses live inside our own cells, so we could not kill them without destroying ourselves. It seems that evolution has solved many problems, except immunity against viral or bacterial invaders. Another thing that some microbes due to ensure their survival against attack is that they will shed their pathogenicity even under dire conditions

10 Powerful Habits for Career Success

10 Powerful Habits for Career Success Every day, we’re inundated with information about how to become our best selves†¦and too often there’s a price tag attached. Take this seminar! Buy this energy drink! Wear this power outfit! There’s seemingly no end to the number of things we can buy and use to make ourselves wealthier or more successful. Now, I don’t want to say those products are all bunk (and for the low, low price of $299.95, you can take my seminar on why all other success-promising products are terrible), but†¦they’re kinda bunk. You actually already have a lot of the tools you need to become more successful and productive. Or at least you can pick them up and develop them, with no additional cost to you and yours. The changes to make your day more effective and productive start with you, like any good changes. Basically, some of the habits that can make you more successful are already within your grasp†¦you just need to figure out how to work them in throughout your day.1. Morning Habits2. Workday Habits3. Anytime HabitsMorning HabitsBecoming a morning person can have great benefits for your health and motivation overall. If you’re already a morning person, you probably just have to make a couple of tweaks to your routine here and there to maximize the benefits. If you’re not a morning person, well, now’s as good a time as any to start becoming one!1. Get up earlier.I hear that groan from some of you, and I sympathize- I too am a snooze button enthusiast. But adjusting your wake-up routine by just 30 minutes  (or ideally, an hour) will make it feel like there really are more hours in the day. It has the benefit of easing you into the day without feeling rushed, and allows for more time to do things like #2 and #3 (spoiler alert). â€Å"I’m gonna wake up earlier every day† is easier said than done, so here are some ways you can actually get to the â€Å"doing† phase:Stop hitting the â€Å"snooze † button. The snooze button almost always leads to overestimating how much time you have before you really need to get up and go.Find an alarm clock you can’t ignore. Like one that runs away from you. Or an app that nudges you awake at the optimal time in your sleep phase. It can be as simple as a phone or radio alarm set to music you dislike, so that you have an incentive to get up and shut it off†¦and while you’re up, you might as well start moving, no?2. Eat a good breakfast.Your parents and Saturday morning cartoons were right on this one†¦a healthy, balanced breakfast primes your brain and your body for a busy day.3. Work out in the morning.If you don’t have time for a trip to the gym, you can do other things, like lengthening Fido’s morning walk, or taking a few extra minutes to do yoga. Think of it as an extra jolt to get your body in motion so it stays in motion for the day.Workday HabitsThese are especially crucial at work, but yo u may find yourself applying them to other daily habits and routines as well.4. Stop procrastinating.You can do this later, but will you? Admitting you have a problem is the first step to recovery, and in this case that means acknowledging that this task will be put off until tomorrow, and then probably Friday, and then after that who knows. Even if no one’s watching or especially cares about this task getting done, you do. It’s important to set and keep your own deadlines.5. Don’t get caught in a downtime vortex.We all need breaks sometimes- that’s non-negotiable for anyone who wants to maintain sanity, or give their eyes a break from staring at screens incessantly. Managing those breaks more efficiently will help tune up your day.For example, if that personal email check slides into a peek at your fantasy baseball team, then a Twitter conversation with your college roommate, and then maybe a bathroom break, it can be tough to get back on task. Charley M endoza at Keepinspiring.me recommends a 15-minute trick to keep a two-minute break from sliding into a 30-minute break in productivity: â€Å"Next time you don’t feel like working, keep calm and use the Force. And by that, I mean, force yourself to work for just 15 minutes then see what happens. Usually, those 15 minutes will be enough to give you some momentum.†It can help to have mini agendas for your breaks†¦for example, have two or three specific social media breaks during the day where you peek at Facebook doings quickly, then go back to your main task at hand. The next break can be the check of your baseball team, to see if you really should play that center fielder, then go back to the task at hand. Free-form breaks can get dangerous to all things productive, so it’s good to have a quick in-and-out plan so that you can get back to work before inertia sets in.6. Stay informed.This goes for the world in general (maybe work in some news breaks alongside the social media ones), but especially on matters that directly affect you, your company, or your industry. It can be as simple as following a few influential people in your field on social media, and doing a quick daily check to see what they’re discussing.Also, read more in general. Current events, magazines, novels about teenage werewolves in love, biographies of famous First Ladies†¦the subject matter and format don’t matter as much as cultivating a habit of daily reading. Superman entrepreneur Elon Musk is rumored to have read four hours a day when he was younger, but that seems a bit excessive for most people with busy lives. If you have a train or bus commute, that’s a way to work in a few minutes of reading. It can also be a nightly ritual, just 15 minutes before you go to bed. It’s all about finding a few minutes to decompress and read about something outside of your own perspective.7. Find a way to decompress when stress is high.If you sta rt from a place where you feel frazzled and stressed out, your day is not likely to improve from there. However, stress will almost always come into play in your work life at some point, no matter what you do. So how can you reconcile those? Work on compartmentalizing, and developing small ways to alleviate that stress at work. Meditation is a good way to stop everything from swirling around your head or your desk for a moment. And in fact, it turns out that the workplace may be one of the best places to meditate, because it has the potential for immediate benefits. Here are three basic meditations to get you started, and help you get back to a less stressed spot where you feel more ready to tackle the rest of the day.Anytime HabitsEven when you’re not technically working, keep working on  yourself. The benefits will seep into all parts of your life: personal and professional.8. Keep moving.A sedentary day can be one of the biggest energy sucks around, especially if you go from desk chair to couch. Throughout your day, try to get up and take a short walk in between tasks, or try some office yoga to get your body in the game. At home, get up and do something small (a chore, a trip upstairs, playing with your pet iguana) in between episodes during a Netflix binge. Again, as with the morning exercise, it’s not what you do so much as that you’re moving and keeping your mind and body alert.9. Prioritize your health.Making conscious choices about what you eat, and how/when you exercise is a great start, but this also means doing a lot of basic maintenance: like regular check ups, using stress relief methods when you need them, and actually taking sick days when you really just need a day to heal up and watch some daytime TV while you sniffle. Trying to plow through discomfort, pain, or illness is going to knock you off your game, and taking the time and effort to make sure you’re present and healthy is a big contributor to everyday succ ess.10. Say yes more often.Maybe not to everything that comes along, but when you find yourself about to say â€Å"no† to doing something (taking on a new task, trying something different), ask yourself why that is. If saying yes wouldn’t hurt you or cause hardship, and could very well lead to you experiencing and enjoying something different, then be bold and change your answer. [via Giphy]These are all pretty manageable, no? And there’s no need to be a hero and introduce all of them at once. Find the ones that work well with your routines, and start there. Small steps, small wins = big results as you get more comfortable making changes to your routine.

Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussions - Essay Example  § 242, witnessed when los Angeles police officers involved in beating Rodney king were charged with assault with deadly weapons and excessive use of force. Lesser included are crimes that share some but not all the elements of a greater crime. While committing a major crime, some elements of a lesser crime would have been violated which a person will be charged. Examples of lesser-included crimes could be unlawful entry in case of burglary. Manslaughter is a lesser included crime in case one commits murder and in case of a rape, assault is treated as a lesser included crime (Orzach & Spurr, 2008). Lesser-included crimes do not violate double jeopardy as it concerns different criminal violations that are tied to one another. Additionally, lesser-included crime and the greater crime carry different weights in case of double jeopardy, the weight of the crimes are relatively the same. Fairness is among the focus pillars of justice. In case one is subjected to answer to crimes committed in one act and presented in multiple forms, it would be unfair to the defendant. Moreover, it would not be fair either for the state to prosecute in multiple jurisdictions even if there are sufficient resources to carry out the process; this is because the defendant’s right to double jeopardy will be violated. Mandatory sentencing is a setting where court decision to make some judicial judgment is limited by the law. In the application of mandatory sentencing, some crimes must be punished at least for a minimum number of years. The rule of mandatory sentencing was majorly designed to curb hard drug trafficking, but has been expanded to include other crimes. Mandatory sentencing is important as it ensures uniformity in the punishment of offenders who commit crimes that are deemed more threatening to the state and its people, and eliminates any dishonesty that may characterize a judgment (Ulmer, 2007). Mandatory sentencing shifts sentencing discretion from

The RNL company HR management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The RNL company HR management - Essay Example At the same time as this form, the employee's boss writes a review of the employee as well. When all this is complete the employee meets with his or her boss to discuss what is on both of the forms. This is not how RNL has always done things. They asked a consultant how they could improve their company's performance and the consultant suggested this kind of formal review. The results have been good from the change. RNL now is more profitable and efficient and gets much better communication from its employees about how things are done as well as how they complete their own job. Although these reviews are improving the situation, the managers of the company still don't like the fact that when they get the form it is not labeled with a person's name. This is because occasionally the things that the employees write are just mean and don't really serve any sort of constructive purpose to make the company better. If this form was not filled out anonymously the managers think this would sto p because people would not want their names associated with that and so they would only write actual issues down. The feedback that they receive is also usually not specific enough to be really useful. Management would like this to change as well maybe by adding more specific questions on the form.

Film industry in china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film industry in china - Essay Example Practically, issues concerning films began back in 1896 when the natives started producing motion pictures in a place called Shanghai. This led to the production of the first film in 1905 name the Beijing Opera: The Battle of Dingjunshan. They were several films produced following the release of the first film but foreigners owned them. This was until 1916 when a Chinese native in Shanghai set up the first production company. As the industries grew, American film producers visited the Shanghai, which was the center for film production. Americans were much ahead in the industry and thus acted a clear guide to the growing industry. This led to the setup of a training center at Shanghai in 1920s (Curtin 45). Under the American patronage, China was able to produce its first true film in 1930s. There were a series of films produced during this period following the increases level of experience and human resource to boost the industry. In late 1940s and early 1950s, the industry grew follo wing the establishment of a substantial Chinese production house named Lianhau Company. There was also an increase the number of movie viewers as they increased from 140 million to 4.5 billion (Nakajima 23). Chinese is currently one of the leading nations in the world in producing films. Practically, Chinese are diligent, and they have taken the industry to international levels despite current hardened censorship placed by the centralized government. Key players in the film industry are using illegal means to sell their products globally especially in USA and Europe. This has popularized their expertise in the field, thus out doing American who was previously thought to have the largest film industry in the world. To enhance globalization of the industry, they have also adopted a trend where they produce films in foreign nations, as this will bar the government from interfering with the proceeding in the industry. China’s film and movie industry is

Home care division at unilever

Home care division at unilever This report tries to analyse a very important situation the Home Care Division at Unilever found itself during the late 1990s in Brazil. Unilever, with an 81% market share is the market leader in the detergent powder business. This report is based on the findings of project Everyman a market research carried out in Brazil in order to understand the regional divide in terms of the income, culture, consumption pattern or usage of detergent powder between the consumers of North East and the South East areas of the country. The research also takes into account the competitors of Unilever in Brazil and also its sales and performance in the detergent market. And finally a recommendation is made on what would be the best marketing strategy which the company should adopt to penetrate into the largely unexplored low-income consumer segment in the Fabric wash business thereby expanding its market share and also increasing the profitability for the company. The economic recovery of 1995-1996 was beneficial for the low-income consumers, which meant that the purchasing power of the poorest 10% of the population grew by 27% per year during the period. Our main focus remains on the two main regions of Brazil, the Northeast and the Southwest, especially the lower income consumers of Northeast of Brazil. Consumer behaviour is the process individuals or groups go through to select, purchase, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experience to satisfy their needs and desires. (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, Barnes, Mitchell, 2009). The Decision to buy the detergent for a consumer in both the regions NE and SE is Habitual and hence lacks complexity. It is seen that the level of involvement of the consumer in the decision making process is very low. Also, the consumer is well aware of various brands of detergent or laundry soap which are on offer in the market. Moreover, considering the fact that the risk associated with the purchase of the detergent or laundry soap is minimal, the consumer spends lesser time in evaluating or deciding the brand of purchase. There are various influences which affect the ultimate choice of a consumer. In this case, the various categories of influences which are affecting the consumers choice while buying the detergent powder or laundry soap are shown in Figure 1: There are various different ways in which a consumer tends to internalise any available information to make an informed decision. The key internal influences which are affecting the decision making of the consumers are: Perception: It can be defined as the process of selection, organising and interpreting any information in form of sensation. The consumers perceive Omo as an ideal detergent having all the qualities required to fulfil their washing needs. According to the consumers as given in Exhibit 5, an ideal detergent should demonstrate the following qualities or aspects: Power of the detergent (its ability to clean and whiten the clothes with small quantity of product). Smell/Fragrance (Strong, pleasant smell associated with softening power and gentleness to fabric and hands). Ability to remove stains without laundry soap or bleach The ease with which the powder dissolves and absence of residue (consistency and granularity of the powder). Interestingly, the perception regarding the usage of bleach also differs between the women of the Recife Northeast, where majority of the women prefers using bleach after washing clothes to remove tough stains, whereas only 18% of the women in Sao Paulo Southeast prefer doing so. Learning: It can be defined as the change in buyer behaviour caused due to available information or experience. The consumers in general are well aware of the various brands of washing detergents and soaps available in the market. From the data given regarding Brand Knowledge, market penetration and Top of the mind awareness in Exhibit 8 it is evident that the consumer across regions in Brazil have either the knowledge or have seen or used one or all washing products at some point in time. Lifestyle: Reflects the value, tastes and preferences of people depending on their pattern of living which is determined by how they choose to spend their money, time and energy. The way the clothes are washed differs in both regions since the women in NE attach great value and take pride in keeping themselves and their families spotlessly clean whereas the women in SE consider it as daily chores, less important for self-esteem and social status. Another factor influencing the choice of detergent or soap is the number of households which owns washing machine 28% in Northeast and 73% in Southeast. Social Class: The rank or the status of the people or group in the society can be defined as a Social Class. People are considered to be in the same class who either work in same occupations, having similar level of incomes, or share similar tastes. Exhibit 2 highlights the social class composition in the Southeast and the Northeast of Brazil. The divide is evident with more than 45% of the population in Southeast forming the top 3 Tiers (A, B, C) as compared to the Northeast where more than 53% of the total population form the bottom 2 Tiers (E+ E-). This is one of the major reasons for the difference in the consumption pattern of the detergent powder and laundry soaps in both the regions, although the penetration of both detergent powder and the laundry soap is almost the same. Majority of the population in the north-eastern region use a lot more soap and less detergent as compared to their counterparts in the southeast. Another very interesting fact to note is the frequency at which the clothes are being washed in both the regions. The washing of clothes in the Northeast happens more frequently as compared to the Southeast since the low income group of Northeast have fewer clothes to wear. In the year 1996, the detergent powder and the washing soap market in the Northeast of Brazil was worth a whopping $208 million and growing. As shown in Figure 2 there are 3 key players in the fabric wash market in Brazil with Unilever, the market leader with an 81% market share, close behind is PG with a 15% share in the market and the remaining 4% of the market is captured by local Brazilian companies. The market can be broadly classified based on the type of washing products offered. The detergent powder industry which sells around 42,000 tons of washing powder in the Northeast is growing at an exceptional rate of 17% per annum. And the dominance of major multinationals like Unilever and PG has been because of the capital intensive nature of the of the manufacturing process requiring massive manufacturing and RD costs. Following are some of the key players in the market. Unilever: Unilever has been a dominant force in the detergent powder market in the Northeast with a 75% market share. With a 52 % market share Omo is the most popular and the most dominant brand of detergent powder in the Unilever stable. Minerva is the only brand offered by Unilever in both the detergent powder and the laundry soap with a market share of 17% and 19.1% respectively. And finally Campeiro holds 6% of the total detergent powder market. PG: Although PG entered the Brazilian market in 1988, it has come a long way in becoming the second most successful manufacturer with a 15% share in the detergent powder market. The primary reason for this success can be given to the large amount spend on making manufacturing improvements in the businesses acquired by PG to develop better products for the Brazilian market and the RD and marketing expertise is a direct threat to Unilever. Ace is its the flagship brand which has 11% market share, a direct competitor of Omo with features like superior whiteness, dirt removing capability and fabric protection is priced at 2.35/Kg. Followed by the other brands offered by PG viz. Bold competing against Minerva and with focus on softness sells at 2.50/Kg and Pop is an alternative for Campeiro selling at 1.70/Kg together occupies 6% of the detergent powder market. Others: Invicto owned by local Brazilian company ASA with 5% share of the market which competes against Campeiro is sold at 1.70/Kg. The remaining 3 % of the detergent powder market is currently being held by local Brazilian companies. The Laundry soap market in the Northeast of Brazil is equally big as compared to the detergent powder industry with revenues of $ 102 million, selling around 8,125 tons per year; however its growth rate at just 6% is far slower than its rival. Unlike the detergent powder market where Unilever and PG were the dominant forces, this market is being dominated by brands manufactured by local Brazilian companies; surprisingly PG offers no products in this segment. As shown in Exhibit 7 the local companies hold a major chunk 69.6% of the market share (including others and Flora). Bem-te-vi is extremely popular and is positioned with emphasis on traditional and regional values targeting the low income consumers of Northeast holding 11.3% of the market. Minerva which is the only Unilever brand is considered to be one of the best laundry soaps with an impressive total share of 19.1%. Marketing Mix Strategies help in identifying how a companys marketing would accomplish the objectives by using the following factors; It is a strategic planning method used in evaluating the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats involved in a business. The details of the SWOT analysis for Unilever are evident in Figure 4. 5.1 Growth Strategy Unilever fabric wash products enjoy immense respect and recognition across different regions of Brazil due to its diverse range of products, dependable in-house marketing capabilities and excellent advertising campaigns. However, the ignorance and indecisiveness in adopting a strategy to tap in the huge potential of the low income group of Northeast has been an area of concern for the company. The Product-market Growth Matrix in Figure 5 helps us analyse various growth strategies and identify the most suitable strategy the company should follow to expand their current market. New Products Existing Products Product Emphasis New Markets Existing Markets MKT Emphasis Extension of the current entry level brand Campeiro is the most ideal strategy and hence we need to adopt the Product development strategy model. The new product would be rightly called Campeiro Dazzle. We will further analyse and discuss the targeting, segmentation and positioning strategy which Unilever should follow to achieve its goals. The STP strategy in Northeast for Campeiro Dazzle would be influenced by the following variables: Segmentation: Demographic: More than 53% of the population, approximately 26 million in the Northeast lives on less than two minimum wages. Illiteracy rate at 40% is very high. Psychographic: Bleach is very important to remove fat stains. Washing clothes has a symbolic value for the women and they take pride in keeping their family clean. Considered to be one of the pleasurable activities of the week, hence washing in public laundry, river or pond is considered to be an opportunity to meet and chat with friends. Behavioural: Clothes are washed frequently (5 times a week in Recife). Target marketing strategy: Since Omo and Minerva is already targeted towards the High and middle income group respectively, the new Campeiro Dazzle will be focusing on the low income consumer segment in the Northeast using Differentiated targeting strategy. Positioning: Success of Target marketing strategy is contingent on the identification and selection of most appropriate market segment. Keeping the current positioning of the 3 detergents (Omo, Minerva and Campeiro) unchanged; our primary focus would be to strategically position the new Campeiro Dazzle. The ideal positioning of Camperio Dazzle should be such that it falls between Minerva and Campeiro which fits it in the top left quadrant above the perceived Quality and Price index 100. Unilever can establish Campeiro Dazzle as one of its most sought after and affordable BRAND of CHOICE for the low income consumers by developing a Marketing Mix as mentioned below; The most important concern internally at Unilever Brazil is the issue of cannibalisation of existing premium brands like Omo or Minerva due to shift in strategy following the introduction of the new brand extension Campeiro Dazzle. The concern I believe is a legitimate one and if things do go wrong as feared by many, the results could be devastating for Unilever and could tarnish its image as being the best and most dependable, inviting competitors like PG to take maximum advantage of the situation and eat into Unilevers market share across regions in Brazil. The level of income, however, is the key factor which would avoid any such adverse situation since our new brand is targeted at the low income consumers of the northeast and is not positioned to compete against Omo and Minerva which is targeted at the high income and middle income consumers respectively. Extension of the entry level brand Campeiro is justifiable considering the time and cost constraints faced by Unilever. The process of creating and introducing a new brand involves immense RD, marketing advertising and distribution costs and will also take a long time to develop and Unilever cannot afford at this point in time since its main rival PG has the potential and the expertise to capture the massive detergent low income consumer market by either extending or repositioning one of its own existing products. Based on the Segmentation, target marketing, positioning and marketing mix strategies discussed earlier, it is strongly recommended that Unilever follows a quick growth strategy (3 year) to capture maximum market share of the low income consumers in the northeast by getting them to use Campeiro Dazzle. The Bottom-up budgeting technique would be most helpful since the new strategy requires Unilever to spend more on the promotion of Campeiro Dazzle Push strategy in the first 3 years of its introduction. This would be gradually reduced in the fourth and fifth year once the product eats into the market share of the competitors and demand for product increases Pull Strategy. Æ’Â   Push strategy: Unilever can follow the same 70/30 ratio for ATL BTL communication which it does currently. Emphasis should be more on ATL because of its high reach and low cost-per-contact especially TV advertisements hoardings (Knowledge about the availability of the new product). On the other hand BTL techniques like in-store promotions and improved visibility of the product in the small stores. The biggest factor that can contribute to an instant success of Campeiro Dazzle is if Unilever builds confidence in its secondary, small local wholesalers and specialized distributors by running a high incentive/commission through sales programme. This is one primary reason why 0.50 cents/k.g has been earmarked towards promotional cost. Resulting in our products reaching 75,000 small outlets where most of the low income consumers shop. Æ’Å ¸ Pull Strategy: Promotion is one of the most important and inseparable part of the marketing mix. However for Unilever, assuming the success and the overwhelming acceptance of Campeiro Dazzle over the first three years by the low income consumers the promotion strategy would then have to shift to improve the profit margin. This would be a challenge considering the fact that reversal of the distribution channels is difficult. However, increasing demand for Campeiro Dazzle amongst low income consumers due to effectiveness, high brand value and recognition (thanks to a new TV promotion/advertisement by a well known celebrity or a popular music band which would act as a stimulant) will force the retailers to respond to this demand by stocking more Campeiro Dazzle in their stores. Conclusion: The aforementioned analysis clearly indicates that the existing detergent products and the strategy adopted by Unilever to capture the market share and satisfy the needs of the low income consumers hasnt been very successful. Project Everyman, however, has come as a ray of hope for the company helping it understand the enormous potential of this group of consumers. The implementation of the new strategies mentioned in this report would certainly help Unilever to expand its market share and profitability and most importantly help them implement this business model to gain success in other developing economies of the world and immense respect in the industry.

physics essay :: essays research papers

What’s wrong with the Detroit Lions?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is obvious to me that the laws of physics can be applied to the game of football. However, The Detroit Lions may be unaware of this fact. With there current 0-12 record they are on a losing streak that could be placed in the record books. No team has ever lost every single football of their whole season. What an embarrassing way to be placed in the record books. Maybe if they looked at some of the laws of physics they could win a game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passing game for the lions is one area that can be examined. Quarterback Charlie Batch has one of the lowest ratings in the league. He completes a little under 60% of his passes. His average passing yardage is approximately ten yards. Using the knowledge of physics to examine the projectile motion we can help Charlie complete more passes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Let’s look at what we know:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Charlie is about 2 meters tall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. His average pass is ten yards or 9 meters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. He’s throwing with parabolic trajectory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. We will use the equations:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity in the horizontal direction (Vx)= The initial velocity (Vi) cos (the angle)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity in the vertical direction (Vy)= The initial velocity (Vi) sin (the angle)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The distance in the horizontal direction (x)= The velocity in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horizontal direction (Vx) multiplied by The time (t).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gravity is always equal to -9.8m/s squared.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the equations we can say that the initial velocity could be Charlie’s problem. Say Charlie always passes with an angle of 20 degrees so that it isn’t easy for the other team to intercept the pass. This kind of pass would usually takes 2 seconds to get the receiver. This means that Charlie’s average pass of 9 meters needs and initial velocity of 11m/s to get to the receiver. If any of these things don’t work out, or say, Charlie changes his passing angle, the pass will probably be incomplete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kicking the football can also be an aspect of the game that could improve for the lions. Two weeks ago, Jason Hanson missed 3 field goals. Kicking field goals can be examined from a physics perspective. The football will follow the same parabolic trajectory as passing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the Same Equations we can determine the initial velocity needed to make his average 23 meter kick. He usually kicks with an average 40 degree angle. Also it takes 3 seconds for the kick to go threw the uprights.

How Does Marxism Explain the Role of Education in Society?

How does Marxism explain the role of education in society? The sociology of education is the study of how public institutions and individual experiences affect education and its outcomes. It is most concerned with the public schooling systems of modern industrial societies, including the expansion of higher, further, adult, and continuing education. Education has always been seen as a fundamentally optimistic human endeavour characterised by aspirations for progress and betterment.It is understood by many to be a means of overcoming handicaps, achieving greater equality and acquiring wealth and social status (Education and Sociology 1992). Education is perceived as a place where children can develop according to their unique needs and potential. It is also perceived as one of the best means of achieving greater social equality. Many would say that the purpose of education should be to develop every individual to their full potential and give them a chance to achieve as much in life a s their natural abilities allow (meritocracy).However some take a particularly negative view, arguing that the education system is designed with the intention of causing the social reproduction of inequality and creating a workforce for society. One of the main sociological approaches that use theory to explain the role of education is Marxism. The Marxist perspective is critical of the educational system, arguing that it is unfair, and serves to coerce people into accepting their â€Å"roles† in an unequal society. The concept of the ‘hidden curriculum’ is key in the understanding of the Marxist perspective.The aim of the hidden curriculum is to socialise young people into accepting the role assigned to them by the capitalist class. It is argued the teachers subconsciously deliver this ‘hidden curriculum’ making pupils aware of the respect and obedience that should be given towards the established organisation [Karl Marx, 1983]. As well as this, sub tle skills such as time keeping and organisation are taught. In introducing these skills from a young age, society will accept them as norms and not question there status in society.The correspondence principle is a theory used by Marxists to explain how much of what we learn in school is preparation for our future roles as workers is in capitalist society. Many sociologists who support this principle argue that education is just a means of maintaining social class boundaries. Many argue that schools in capitalistic societies are geared toward giving children different types of education based solely on their social standing rather than by their inherent skills. Under this principle schools are believed to give lower class children a different type of education compared to their upper class counterparts.Typically, it is said that lower class children are put on an educational track that will prepare them for ‘blue collar’ jobs. It is thought that the education of lower class children is different because it prepares them to enter the work force directly after secondary school. Schooling teaches working class children to sit quietly at their desk, obey the teacher’s authority, and also acquaints them with becoming familiar with repetitive tasks. Similarly, the education of upper class children is thought to be geared toward upper class or ‘white collar’ professions.With upper class children, instead of focusing on preparing them to enter the workforce, there is added emphasis is on preparing them to move on to four year colleges and universities after secondary school. Here they are trained to be professionals and capitalists by teaching them how to think critically and instilling in them a sense of responsibility and authority [Frank M Howell 1982] Louis Althusser was a structural Marxist who, through the influences of Karl Marx, introduced the concept of an ‘ideological state apparatus’.He argued that economic rel ations structure education so as to reproduce these same economic values into teaching. He went on to state that education is part of the system of the reproduction of labour power. Schools work to ensure that those who are to do the work will do so co-operatively, out of the belief that the situation is just and reasonable. From this point of view, the failure of so many pupils in schools is not a failing of the system but actually what the schooling system is designed to do. Working class children, who opt out, fail, or find schools alien, are indications that schooling is working successfully.Thus, education is not designed to develop human potential, but to limit it. The correspondence principle (Bowles and Gintis 1976) takes this point further stating that education introduces the acceptance of hierarchy and motivation by external rewards. For example; teacher says, pupil does; boss says worker does. Hierarchy comes into place in the form of the teachers roles e. g. head, deput y head, head of year, head of department etc. Many pupils are not interested in the subject knowledge they are taught are school, the only reason that have for going to school is to get exam passes i. e. an external reward.This prepares us for the world of work where we do not work for the love of the job but for the wage. Thus what happens at school corresponds to what happens at work. There are several examples present in today’s society that support Marxist theories of education. The introduction of the Youth Training Schemes (YTS) in 1983 [online] is one of these. Known as ‘on-the-job training courses’, these YTS represented ‘working class’ and job specific qualifications for the needs of capitalism. Another example of such schemes are General National Vocational Qualification (GNVQ’s) which are now know as NVQ’s.Such courses are said to favour the working classes as the structure is mainly coursework based. Many of the courses invo lve hands on learning which again, teach the hidden disciplines needed to work for the capitalist society and prepare a skilled work force. The Class biased system of education is shown by league tables and examination results and the principle of student loans represents the way in which the disadvantaged (working classes) are ‘priced’ out of the system. In conclusion of the Marxist perspective, it is clear they take a very critical approach on the education system.The promotion of ruling class ideologies through institutions such as the education system is seen to supress the working classes keeping them conformed to the norms and values of society. The teaching of these values at a young age means fewer questions are likely to be asked and the capitalist society can continue to work as it does, for the benefit of the economy. A second sociological perspective that takes a different view on education is that of functionalism. This is, in contrast to Marxism, a non-con flict approach. Functionalists believe that the education system has three main functions.Firstly it socialises young people into key cultural values such as equality of opportunity, competition and religious morality. Education is said by functionalists (especially Durkheim) to emphasise moral responsibilities in society that people should have towards each other [Education and Sociology 1922]. If these norms were not passed down through generations then there would be a tendency for individualism (where people believe that they are more important than social groups). An example of how education goes about promoting these values is through the subjects that are taught.Citizenship and religious education were introduced as compulsory subjects in schools to see that young people did things with thought for the society. The second function is to do with the skills that education teaches children, from literacy and numeracy to more job-specific skills. Occupational jobs are becoming mo re specialised and this in turn will lead to more years in education. The final function of education, according to functionalists is the allocating of roles of young people in society. Examinations and qualifications are said to allocate people for their most suited job.The equality of opportunity took place and so higher talented people are given the most functionally important jobs for the society. Emile Durkheim is one of the main influential and well known functionalists. He stated that ‘society can survive only if there exists among all its members a sufficient degree of homogeneity; education perpetuates and reinforces this homogeneity by fixing in the child, from the very beginning, the essential similarities that collective life demands’ [Education and Sociology 1922]. Homogeneity is defined as the quality or state of being of the same or similar nature having a uniform structure throughout [online].Durkheim saw sociology as a science and concentrated on the st udy of social facts rather than what motivates the actions of individuals. He argued that education has many functions; to reinforce social solidarity in subjects such as history (learning about individuals who have done good things for the many makes an individual feel insignificant) and through the pledge of allegiance in America (making individuals feel part of a group and therefore less likely to break rules); to maintain social role (school is a society in miniature. It has a similar hierarchy, rules, and expectations to the â€Å"outside world. It trains young people to fulfil roles); and to maintain division of labour (school sorts students into skill groups, encouraging students to take up employment in fields best suited to their abilities) [Education and Sociology 1922]. Although many of these points are similar to that of Marxism, the functionalists look at the positives of such class divisions. Two more perspectives that challenge the views of Marxism are Interactionism and Feminism. Interactionists take a micro approach looking at what happens in the classroom environment, specifically pupil and teacher interaction.They also concentrate on the way teacher expectations and perceptions of pupils can affect the life chances and educational chances of pupils. Whereas Marxists and Functionalists tend to focus on the structural sides to society, interactionists examine the relationships between the education system and the individual. This sociological group place a strong emphasis on labelling theology. Hargreaves, Hester and Mellor (Deviance in Classrooms 1975) studied how pupils became typified and classified. They conducted their study in two schools by interviewing teachers and observing in class.They found that teachers have a limited knowledge about their pupils when they first arrive at school, so they speculate, using the information that they already have, such as the pupils’ appearance, how far they conform to discipline, and their en thusiasm for work. This is elaborated over time until the teacher reaches a stage when they feel â€Å"they know† the pupil. It is therefore a gradual process that changes over time. Through this process the teacher can have an important influence on the progress of their pupils.It can affect the attention and encouragement a pupil can receive. The self-fulfilling prophecy follows on from the stereotyping and subsequent labelling of pupils. This theory argues that predictions made by teachers about the future success or failure of their pupils will tend to come true. The teachers’ interaction with their pupils will be influenced by the labels that they have attached. If a pupil has been labelled by their teacher as a potentially bright student they may receive extra encouragement to attain the higher marks.Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) tested the validity of self-fulfilling prophecy. They discovered that teachers’ expectations could significantly affect their pu pils’ performance The feminist perspectives generally focus on how education promotes patriarchy and a ‘male dominated’ society. There are many different branches within feminism such as liberal, radical and Marxist feminists however they all share the view that the education system is very male orientated and that women are socialised to conform to this dominance thus supressing them.Some of the more radical approaches go as far to say that ‘patriarchy will only end when women are freed from the physical and emotional violence inflicted by men in the classroom and the playground’ [online] In conclusion, the Marxist approach takes a very critical view of the education system arguing that is merely reinforces inequalities in society. They go on to state that in teaching a ‘hidden curriculum’, the system is only in place to create a dominant and trained work force to work for and fit the needs of the capitalist society.From a young age chi ldren begin to be shaped to fit these societal needs and are made to believe that their place in society is already decided for them through norms and values. In conforming to what they believe is normal, societies avoid anomie and complete social collapse as well as keeping the social classes from rising above their stations or asking questions. In contrast to such a negative outlook on the education system, functionalists look at how the teaching of norms and values creates social solidarity where shared beliefs bring together all classes.Interactionists take yet another view exploring the concept of pupil to teacher interaction and how labelling can shape behaviour. Finally, feminists take the view that the education system works in favour of males in giving them a higher status in the economical market thus justifying the suppression of women. References -Bottomore, Tom; Goode, Patrick [1983] ‘Readings in Marxist Sociology’ Clarendon Press (London) -Durkheim, Emile [1895] ‘The Rules of Sociological Method’ 8th edition, trans.Sarah A. Solovay and John M. Mueller, ed. George E. G. Catlin (1938, 1964 edition) -Durkheim, Emile [1956] ‘Education and Sociology’ Macmillan Publishing Co. , inc. & Collier Macmillan Publishers (London) -Howell, Frank M. ; McBroom, Lynn W. 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