IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essays

IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essays IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essay IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses Essay IT ( information engineering ) is a term that encompasses all signifiers of engineering used to make, shop, exchange, and utilize information in its assorted signifiers ( concern informations, voice conversations, still images, gesture images, multimedia presentations, and other signifiers, including those non yet conceived ) . It is an incorporate frame work for geting and germinating IT to accomplish long term every bit good as short term ends. It has both logical and proficient constituents. Logical constituents include mission, functional and information demands, system constellations, and information flows. Technical constituents include IT criterions and regulations that will be used to implement the logical architecture. Information Technology section in any endeavor works in following manner: END USER TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Much of an organization’s computing machine processing is performed by end-users utilizing their desktop Personal computer. When these end-users incur a computing machine job ( unable to logon, pressman does non work, etc. ) , they call the IT section for proficient support. Depending on the nature of the job, the IT section may help the user over the phone or direct a technician to their location. DESKTOP MANAGEMENT: Pull offing single desktop computing machines, laptops and peripherals is a basis of the IT section undertakings. Desktop direction of single computing machines includes: installing of new hardware constituents or package, package license disposal, equipment fix and care. NETWORK MANAGEMENT: Making certain that the computing machine web is ever available with safe and unafraid information is the most of import undertaking for the IT section. Not merely does this affect the physical installing of telegraphing throughout the installation, but besides the installing and monitoring of the firewall, waiters and other equipment to maintain the web running at extremum efficiency Voice AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS: The IT section maintains the telephone and computing machine systems that allow employees to link with other employees, clients and providers through the usage of voice mail, electronic mail, facsimiles, message boards, and Internet and intranet web sites. This includes organizing new demands with third-party service suppliers. Business Applications: Developing and keeping the concern systems that operate the organisation are indispensable undertakings of the IT section. This includes package for fiscal, fabrication, gross revenues and distribution systems, every bit good as general office disposal, such as word processing and spreadsheet applications. LITERATURE REVIEW: Business and information systems executives continue to fight in finding final payments from investings in information engineering, which is of import to analysis for any concern utilizing IT. A figure of surveies show that executives’ perceptual experiences are cardinal to understanding how IT impacts steadfast public presentation. For illustration, research workers found that a CEO’s perceptual experiences and attitudes towards IT and the sense of importance they attribute to IT are strongly associated with an organization’s progressive usage of IT. In bend, managerial cognition of, and attitudes towards, IT and the IT clime within an organisation are utile indexs of how IT is used to back up the concern scheme. Adding to this, Grover, Teng, Segars A ; Fiedler used perceptual information from IS executives to bring out a nexus between IT diffusion, procedure alteration and productiveness additions for each of eleven different engineerings. Finally, Broadbent A ; Weill posit a relationship between managerial perceptual experiences of the function of IT substructure, the sensed value of that substructure, and IT investing prejudices. Looking across t hese surveies, it is apparent that concern executives are progressively cognizant of the function of IT and are more willing to take portion in IT investing determinations as a manner to guarantee that IT delivers on its promises. Dimensions of IT Business Value: A Review of the Research Literature Procedure Planning and Support IT improves planning and determination devising by bettering organisational communicating and coordination and by heightening organisational flexibleness [ I ] Supplier Relations ( Inbound Logistics ) Use IT to organize provider linkages and cut down hunt costs [ II ] Information technology can better communicating, quality control and bringing techniques taking to Competitive advantage [ III ] Production A ; Operationss Use IT to present enhanced fabrication techniques through computer-aided design [ IV ] Improvements in the production procedure can take to economic systems of graduated table in the bringing of merchandises and services [ V ] Integrating IT into the terminal merchandise and the usage of advanced fabrication procedures can enable a greater scope of merchandises and services [ VI ] Product A ; Service Enhancement IT can be used in the development of new merchandises and services [ VII ] IT can enable merchandises and services to be unambiguously differentiated in a assortment of ways [ VIII ] Gross saless A ; Marketing Support The development of new merchandises and services can enable an organisation to place and function new market sections [ IX ] IT can be used to track market tendencies and responses to marketing plans [ X ] Customer Relations ( Outbound Logistics ) IT can be used to set up, sustain and better relationships with clients [ XI ] Bettering client dealingss can ensue in improved market portion [ XII ] One paper was written byPaul P. Tallon, Kenneth L. Kraemer, Vijay Gurbaxani( Executives’ Perceptions of the Business Value of Information Technology ) . In this paper they introduced procedure degree theoretical account of IT concern value – defined as the part of IT to tauten public presentation in production, logistics, gross revenues and selling, client services and administrative support called value concatenation, value stores or value webs. They focused on concern executives conformity with the increasing function of these persons have in IT investing determinations. Business executives prosecute a more active function in make up ones minding how, when and where IT resources should be used. They used the undermentioned hypothesis for their research work: H1: Executives in houses with more focussed ends for IT will comprehend higher degrees of IT Business value. H2: Executives in houses with more focussed ends for IT will comprehend higher degrees of strategic alliance. H3: Higher degrees of strategic alignment contribute to higher degrees of IT concern value. H4: Firms with more focussed ends for IT will do greater usage of IT investing rating. H5: Firms that make greater usage of IT rating techniques will accomplish higher degrees of strategic alliance. H6: Use of post-implementation techniques outputs higher sensed degrees of IT concern value than pre-implementation techniques entirely. In order to prove the foregoing hypotheses, during mid to late 1998, they mailed studies to a random sample of concern executives in about 1,500 houses worldwide. They found consequences for H1 that executives in houses with more focussed end for IT consistently perceive higher degrees of IT concern value through value concatenation. This confirms corporate ends for IT are an of import determiner of sensed final payments from IT. Researchers argue that strategic alliance is an of import determiner of IT concern value In this research paper they found that Executives in houses with more focussed ends for IT perceive higher degrees of strategic alliance and higher degree of strategic alliance are associated with higher sensed degrees of IT concern values. Therefore, H2 and H3 are supported. Operations-focus houses make more frequent usage of pre-implementation techniques than market-focus houses, possibly bespeaking that it is more hard to measure IT investings in strategic placement than in operational effectivity. Jointly, these findings provide support for H4, corroborating that houses with more focussed ends for IT make greater usage of IT rating techniques In utmost instances such as unfocussed houses without clear ends for IT, there is still a possibility that greater usage of IT rating techniques could ensue in improved degrees of strategic alliance, which in bend could take to higher final payments from IT. Therefore, H5 is supported. They found that the partial correlativities for both post-implementation techniques are extremely important, whereas the correlativities for the pre executions techniques are identical from nothing. Therefore, H6 is supported. Decision: Many researches besides support the usage of executives’ perceptual experiences in measuring IT investing final payment, though merely in the sense that perceptual experiences are a placeholder for nonsubjective steps of realized IT concern value. Contrary to media studies that executives are dissatisfied with IT, many surveies found that executives are, with some exclusions, satisfied that their current degree of IT disbursement will assist them to accomplish their concern ends. Furthermore, the ends that these executives espouse for IT investings act upon their pick of direction patterns, which in bend influences the degree of perceived IT final payments. When there is clear ends for IT investing, there is grounds to propose that IT is positively impacting steadfast public presentation at multiple points along the value concatenation. Management patterns besides play cardinal function in making IT concern value, assisting to turn strategic purpose for IT into place final payments for the concern. When houses make greater usage of station execution reappraisals, executives will comprehend higher degrees of IT concern value. This shows clear benefits from specific IT investing against underlying specific aims with possibility of presenting disciplinary action if necessary. As endeavors struggle to recognize good final payments from IT investings in short term this could be achieved through greater strategic alliance, reenforcing the demand to stipulate clear and unequivocal ends for IT and for long term endeavors could see traveling towards more strategic or focussed ends of IT, which leads to high returns.

Gift-Giving Guide for College Students

Gift-Giving Guide for College Students Gift-giving as a college student can be complicated. Of course, youd love to treat all of your friends and family to big, beautiful gifts ... but your budget and time restrictions often prevent doing so. What options are there, then, for college students who want to give great gifts without seeming cheap or lazy? Gifts Based on Recipients Great Gifts for Your College Boyfriend or Girlfriend. Its hard to come up with a meaningful, reasonably priced, personal gift for your significant other.Gifts for a College Roommate. A college roommate is like no one else; after all, what other person knows so much about you, puts up with your ridiculousness, and lets you eat their cereal when youre meal plan runs out? Whether its for a roommate birthday or the holidays, make sure you get something unique for this important person in your life.General Gift Ideas for Moms. Be it for Mothers Day or her birthday, getting a gift for Mom  is a must-do. Dont forget to make a phone call if youre away at school on the big day, too!Gifts for Your Siblings. You may have been incredibly close to your siblings before you left for school, or you may have been glad to have them no longer annoying you at the dinner table. Either way, forgetting a gift for your sibling can be an unforgivable offense! Gifts Based on Situations Low-Cost Gift Ideas. Regardless of whom your gift is for, it needs to fit within your budget. Thoughtful low-cost gifts will make you look anything but cheap.Last-Minute Gift Ideas. Alright, so your friends/roommates/brothers birthday totally sneaked up on you. Last-minute gift ideas based on someones hobby or creative outlet can help cover your oops-I-nearly-forgot tracks.Unique Valentines Day Gifts. With so much hype, it can be hard to come up with gift ideas for Valentines Day that are original and inexpensive.College Graduation Gift Ideas. Graduation season can get so chaotic that its easy to forget to get a college graduation gift that adequately celebrates this major milestone.

Comparative Analysis of World War II and the Cold War Essay

Comparative Analysis of World War II and the Cold War - Essay Example The war was divided between the Germany and its allies known as the Axis and the United Kingdom and its allies known as the Allies.2 The Cold War began at the close of World War II and endured until the early 1990s.3 Although two entirely different types of conflicts both the Cold War and World War II posed a threat to Western democracy. In both conflicts there was a fair balance in terms of wealth and military capabilities. It involved an aligning of enemies and allies. However, unlike the Second World War, the opposing sides did not meet on the battle field and a winner was never declared.4 Moreover, the Second World War involved only one front. That front was a military front. However, the Cold War involved several fronts, they were: Both conflicts invariably involved the advancement and suppression of political ideologies. Nazi Germany and its allies opposed Westernization and wished to promote Hitler’s political culture while the West had no desire to give in to the demise of Westernization. The Cold War involved an identical clash of opposing political visions between the United States and her allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The following discussion examines in greater details the similarities and differences that fueled both the Cold War and the Second World War. In June of 1941 World War II continued to spread when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Pre-existing relations between the Soviet Union and the Unite States as well as Great Britain was characterized by hostility and mistrust. Despite these differences the United States came to the Soviet’s aide via its Lend-Lease Act of March, 1941. During this time the Soviet Union was led by Joseph Stalin while the United States was led by President Franklin Roosevelt.6 Through the auspices of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941, the US and Soviet corporation was most visible. This hand of friendship

Course project - Group G Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Course project - Group G - Essay Example In this case, in making sure requirements are quite understood, there is need to find out the actual driving changes in the levels of staffing for the company. In order to achieve this, one has to make sure he/she fully understands the business alongside its plans and strategies. Secondly, the company needs to find out the needs of the driving staffing. This encompasses establishing what actually creates or changes the company’s staffing requirements, whether defined by the staffing levels or skill levels (Thomas 118). It is worth noting that, more often than not, the requirements of staffing are driven by business activity changes, either services mix or product mix, the geographical expansion, service improvement, alongside similar factor as highlighted in chapter 5 of the staffing drivers. It also essential for the company to find out the constraints that regards staffing. Other than defining the staffing drivers, the company needs to identify the limiting factors in regard to the staffing levels required. For instance, supposing the marketing forecasts products to increase sales by on average 20 percent for the following year, and the levels of sales drives the sales reps required. Looking at it at the first glance, one would conclude that the increase it would be appropriate to increase the number of sales reps. However, maxing out the manufacturing capacity, and making sure that the manufacturing capacity remains unchanged in the next year, there is low likelihood that there would be additional products produced. This happening would imply that there is no likelihood of sales increasing since there would be no additional reps needed. Fourthly, in defining the staffing levels, the company needs to begin defining changes in both positions and roles. Before attempting to define the staffing levels of staffing required, the managers should first establish the roles alongside changes required in implementing business strategies and plans. In

Business ethics Essay Example for Free

Business ethics Essay It is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in business environment. It applies to all aspect of business and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organization. Ethics is mainly concerned with what is good versus bad, what is right versus wrong. Deontology is an ethical theory that holds that actions are right or wrong independent of their consequences. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that actions are right if they produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Corporate social responsibility is the obligation towards the society assumed by business. The business maximizes its positive effects on society and minimizes and its negative effects. An illustration of of an ethical and social responsibility issue related to the textile manufacturing business. In today’s global business where large multinational corporations like the textile industry face charges of violating human rights in third world countries. Using child labor questions the human rights, ethics and social responsibility of the textile manufacturing industry. An analysis of how the textile manufacturing illustration applies to decision making and operations in an ethical and social responsible business. The economic responsibilities of business would produce products that society wants at a price that perpetuates the textile business. The textile manufacturing business decides on legal responsibilities where the obey local state federal and global laws. The textile manufacturing business makes decision based on their ethical responsibilities of meeting other societal expectation written or not written by law. Ethical obligations are a set of â€Å"ought to† standards that define a moral course of action and draw a line between right and wrong. Although ethical obligations in business share similarities with legal rules and regulations in determining how a business conduct itself while striving to make profit and achieve strategic company goals. Ethical obligations are really more about discretionary decisions value guided behavior. For example respecting the religious sentiments and dignity of people while advertising for a product. Legal obligations every business has a responsibility to operate within the laws of the land. Since these laws are meant for the good of the society, a law abiding enterprise is a socially responsible enterprise as well Scope and objectives The scope of ethics indicates its subject matter. Ethics as normative science deals with moral ideal or the good in order to enquire the nature of our conduct. It enquires into the nature of the springs of action, motives, intentions, and voluntary actions and so on. It determines rightness or wrongness of human action. As a science of morality ethics discusses the contents of moral consciousness and the various problems of moral consciousness. Ethics is concerned with the highest good or absolute good. It investigates the nature of its fundamental notions that is right, duty and good. It includes whatever has reference to free human acts, weather as principle or cause of action or as effect or circumstance of action (merit, punishment etc. ) Ethics discuss the nature of human freedom . ethics investigates what constitutes good or bad, just or unjust. It also enquires into what is virtue, law, conscience and duty? What obligations are common to all? What is good in all good acts? These questions lie within the scope of ethics. Objectives: Some of the most common ethical obligations in business relate to recruiting and hiring staff, maintaining safe and healthy work environment use business resources wisely and avoiding situations that have the potential to create a conflict of interest, such as accepting gifts from suppliers or making a hiring decisions not because the applicant has the best qualifications but because the applicant is a relative of the business owner. It also includes considering how and where suppliers get their products and weather to sell the products that are detrimental to the health of customers such as cigarettes and fatty foods.

Drug Abuse and Addiction Essay -- Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse

Drugs Abuse occurs when a drug is taken for unintended purposes and can lead to addiction. Addiction occurs when a person must use the drug to feel and function normally. Addiction occurs in two types, physical and psychological. Physical addiction is caused by the brain, the brain produces fewer chemicals or neurotransmitters to make up for the extra chemicals therefore the brain needs the chemicals from the drug to reach the correct balance and individual becomes out of touch with reality. Psychological addiction is much simpler, the individual simply likes the way a drug makes him/her feel and must have it, therefore becoming addicted. (Lawrence, F. 1996) Addiction has six steps. The first step is occasional use; a person takes his/her first drink or uses other drugs for the first time, and likes the way it feels and the way it reduces stress, the individual then starts using the drug in social settings. Step two is occasional trouble with drugs; a person shows mood swings or personality changes, they may experience blackouts, where they do not remember what was said or done. Step three is regular use of the drug; tolerance therefore increases and use of the drug can not be controlled and the individual denies having a drug problem. Step four is multiple drug use; drugs may be combined or switched for a new and stronger effect, the individual may then become a cross-addict or hooked on more than one drug. Step five is increasing dependency; the individual needs the drug to function and the drug no longer has the same effect. If the individual does not have the drug they will start shaking, feel sick, lose interest in school, family, or work. Step six is total dependency; the individual suffers from a maj... ...e in smokeless tobacco is addictive. Smokeless tobacco causes the production of more saliva and users swallow some without knowing it; this then introduces tar and other chemicals into the digestive and urinary systems. Cancer of the pharynx and esophagus may result. Irritation causes leukoplakia, thickened, white, leathery spots on the inside of the mouth. This can result in cancer of the lip or mouth. Users also get tooth decay, inflammation of the gums, loss of teeth, bad breath, discolored teeth and decreased ability and taste, especially salty and sweet foods. (Lawrence, F. 1996) Drug abuse is a serious issue. Not many people are aware of how serious it is. Drug abuse is so serious because it has physical and psychological affects that are fatal. Because of the fatal results drugs can have on the body people need to educate themselves and never use drugs.

Research Paper Women’s Rights

Alexandra Moore English 11 Mrs. Carwile November 14, 2012 Research Paper Final Draft May 21, 1969 was the day that an African American woman, Shirley Chisholm changed the lives of women in the United States. Why have women been given unequal opportunities? Why are they seen as different mentally? Chisholm addresses many questions like these in her speech to speak out for the women, to question the authorities which they have been afraid to stand up against. One event can lead to many outbreaks in society that lead to a good or an unlucky future.For women, the time had come to create a high-quality future for themselves and the generations to come. Until the late 1960’s women struggled with discrimination and prejudice with political, civil, and economic rights and Shirley Chisholm took the act to stand up for the unspoken women with her â€Å"Equal Rights for Women† speech in the House of Representatives. Shirley Chisholm was a trademark in the late 1960's and is still known to this day for her bravery and compassion towards gaining rights for women.In the United States Congress, Chisholm was the first black woman elected. The text states, â€Å"As much a feminist as an advocate of civil rights, Chisholm claims that being a woman was more of a disadvantage in her political career than being black† (Martin and Sullivan 1). She was a very successful woman involved in many political groups including the Seventeenth Assembly District Democratic Club, New York State Assembly, Congressional Committee, and also ran for the democratic nomination for presidency.One can see this when stated, â€Å"Chisholm served fourteen years in the U. S. House of Representatives and was one of the most well-known women in America in her time† (Gifts of Speech 1). Although she was productive in the assembly, she became known to be politically rebellious and fearless by which she was outspoken with her own views and beliefs. This is seen in the text as, †Å"Shirley Chisholm challenged that the conscience of the whole nation needed to be aroused to oppose racism against blacks and sexism against women† (â€Å"Chisholm Becomes First† 3). She was an activist etermined to support women with their unlived rights by gaining political power. Political rights were one of the largest discriminates against women. Shirley Chisholm states in her speech, â€Å"†¦The truth is that in the political world I have been far oftener discriminated against because I am a woman than because I am black† (Chisholm 1). This is surprising knowing that this time period was heavily influenced by discrimination towards African Americans. Whether it is voting or representation in congress, women had fewer opportunities to have influence in politics.It could be either the voting systems such as proportional representation and majoritarian systems or the elimination of quotas. As shown in the text, â€Å"Although women formally have equal p olitical rights in most countries, their representation in parliaments and governments is far below their proportion in the population† (Prugl 2). In the total seats in parliaments, women hold less than twenty percent. Taking into account that in the United States population there are 3. 5 million more women, this situation is shameful.Also one can find in her speech, â€Å"‘Women are already protected under the law and do not need legislation†¦If women are already equal, why is it such an event whenever one happens to be elected to Congress? † (Chisholm 2). Parliament saw the opportunity to say that women and men are equal but have no information to back this up. They say women and men are equal but make a big deal if one becomes elected into congress. Chisholm defends the need for political rights for women and how there should be no higher principles with men.Women also struggled with economic rights and the most popular dealt with jobs and pay versus men. The topic that prejudice has become acceptable is present throughout Shirley Chisholm's beliefs on economic rights. She is respectful yet aggressive while addressing the following: â€Å"‘There is very little understanding yet of the immorality involved in double pay scales and the classification of most of the better jobs as ‘for men only. ‘ More than half of the population of the United States is female. But women occupy only two percent of the managerial positions† (Chisholm 1).It has become obvious the women were not given the same amount of pay and less job opportunities, specifically higher positions. It ties back to the political rights and how it is acceptable for women to be teachers and secretaries, but not managers, lawyers, or members of congress. These rights pertain to the labor market and although women have always worked in poor rural areas, the idea that women are limited to the positions leads to restrictions of their right to work. The ri ghts affected women highly economically with no quality or high paying jobs.The final rights women struggled with were civil rights which dealt with citizenship, personal, and social standards. Chisholm included in her speech, â€Å"‘Women need no protection that men do not need. What we need are laws to protect working people, to guarantee them fair pay, safe working conditions, protection against sickness and layoffs, and provision for dignified, comfortable retirement† (Chisholm 1). There should not be as much protection for women and specifically, there should not be more than men.There needs to be a larger focus on protecting the workers who need to be provided with more comfort in what they do. Women's civil rights including marriage and family law, are more contested than that of their political rights. More textual information shows, â€Å"Civil rights include the rights to hold property, to be treated equally in the courts, and to freely choose a residence or domicile. They also include equal rights to enter marriage and freely choose a spouse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Prugl 2). All of these rights are necessary and should be given without question.There is no reason for men to have these responsibilities and not women. With these women can take more control of their own life which many did not have leading up to the 1960's. The nineteenth century was a time of change and introduced improvements for women in the women's rights movement with the demand for the same legal rights as men. By the late 1960's most equality between men and women was gained. One can see in the text, â€Å"The Equal Rights Amendment was the central goal of the women's rights movement in the 1970's† (Phelps and Lehman 4).A suggestion that has been in front of congress since the early 1900's was the equal rights amendment which became part of the basic laws in the rights movement. Shirley Chisholm was made an impact in history with her desire to create a better life fo r women just like herself. It was a time period for change and for women to be able to speak up for themselves. Chisholm's â€Å"Equal Rights for Women† speech was historical and changed the lives for women in the United States, allowing them to gain political, economic, and civil rights. 1,208 words

Looking for loans

The problem with borrowing money from a rich uncle for starting a business is that 1) the funds can be stopped at any time; 2) your uncle ordinarily can not provide the practical advice necessary for growing the business; and 3) your relationship with your uncle might be ruined if the business goes under. Two alternate methods of looking for loans are as follows: SBA loans and venture capitalists SBA administers three separate, but equally important loan programs. SBA sets the guidelines for the loans while SBA’s partners (Lenders, Community Development Organizations, and Microlending Institutions) make the loans to small businesses. SBA backs those loans with a guaranty that will eliminate some of the risk to the lending partners. (www.sba.gov) The advantages of a SBA loan is that often it is usually easier to get a SBA loan as opposed to   a traditional bank loan and the SBA itself is an invaluable resource of information and classes about starting a small business. Venture capital is money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research, especially in high technology, in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable.   Venture capitalist finance startups in exchange for a share of stock once the company goes public.   Normally, financing is done in rounds.   For example, a company is given 12 million dollars and, once that money is exhausted, it applies for another round of financing. Venture capital is mostly limited to high tech companies and is hard to obtain.   Only one in a thousand prospects presented before a venture capitalist actually gets funded.   Also, it takes time and money to make presentations to venture capitalists. Most venture capitalists are located in large metropolitan areas, such as Silicon Valley; hence, if you have a business located outside a large metropolitan area, you should factor in the travel time involved in contacting venture capitalists into your decision to use venture capital as a source of funding.   Also depending solely on venture capital for funding is risky because financing rounds are not guaranteed.   Your company may have to suddenly close down if you find that you have exhausted your round of financing without turning a profit. â€Å"SBA Financing Basics† (n.d.).   Retrieved from http://www.sba.gov/financing/basics/basics.html References â€Å"

Microbes Essays - Microbiology, Bacteria, Bacteriology, Extremophile

Microbes Essays - Microbiology, Bacteria, Bacteriology, Extremophile Microbes Can All The Microbes Be Destroyed? Tina Marie Partin Somerset Community College Bio 226 Principles Of Microbiology Dr. Md. Jahurul Karim 2/07/2012 Can All The Microbes Be Destroyed? With all the emerging technology which allows us to study and understand microbes, it is now imperative to ask ourselves if destroying all the microbes on earth would be a possibility. The answer is no. Destroying all microbes on earth would not only be impossible, it would be impractical. Microbes assist humans and the earth in many ways, such as making food edible, maintaining normal flora in the human body, microbes are also used in many modern medicines, and lastly microbes are involved in cycling vital elements such as carbon and nitrogen, breaking down wastes and dead organisms into simpler substances plants can use in photosynthesis (Cohen 2002). Although microbes benefit us in so many ways, many scientists today have pondered destroying all microbial life. Thankfully, due to the hardiness and the will to survive, most microbes have certain characteristics which would allow them to survive extinction. Not only would microbes have the ability to fight back, microbes behave so d ifferently that destroying them with one source would be impossible. If the world did have all the technology needed for the destruction of all microbes including infectious diseases, it would become a deserted waste land that would not be suitable for life. In order to understand why microbes would survive an assassination attempt, we must understand what characteristics microbes have that would ensure their survival. Destroying all microbial life is impossible due to the characteristics of most microorganisms. Like most living things, microbes have many characteristics that would allow them to survive destruction. For example, some of the most extreme survivors of microbes are known as extremophiles. These microbes have been found living in a few inches below the surface in suspended animation without water. The microbes that can survive without water have activated a sequence of DNA, which compensates for lack of water. Scientists have also found microbes that survive beyond -100? F; these psychrophiles have a remarkable cellular ingredient that prevents the formation of ice crystals, while others huddle together into mats of biofilms. Other microorganisms however have evolved a love for heat. Miles below the ocean?s surface, scientis ts have recently discovered organisms thriving in unforgiving territories where temperatures exceed 600? F. In this kind of dark landscape photosynthesis is not a possibility so certain kinds of single-celled archaea have developed a unique alternative called chemosynthesis: a means of converting inorganic hydrogen sulfide dissolved from rocks into food. And finally when it comes to acidity, human?s blood has to stay between 6.8 and 7.8 to support life. But scientists have found microbes in Yellowstone National Park that were adapted to a pH of 10. These microbes have the ability to keep the pH inside their cells neutral. With extreme characteristics such as these, microbes are determined to ensure their survival (Cohen 2002). After understanding some of the extreme characteristics of certain microbes, it is imperative that science must understand that destroying microbes by one source would be impossible. It is estimated that microbes have been around for billions of years, so they have endured some of the most extreme types of life. When we look around we don?t see microbes but they are everywhere. They around us, they are on us, they are in us. Most of us understand that if we destroy microbes, we destroy ourselves. Let?s just pretend for a moment that human life does not need the imperative essentials provided by microbes and we can do without them. So now the question is: How are we going to destroy them. From the information above we see that some microbes have the ability to survive the most extreme of heat, some survive the most extreme of cold, some doesn?t need water at all, and some live in the most extreme of acidic levels. Also many viruses live inside our own cells, so we could not kill them without destroying ourselves. It seems that evolution has solved many problems, except immunity against viral or bacterial invaders. Another thing that some microbes due to ensure their survival against attack is that they will shed their pathogenicity even under dire conditions

10 Powerful Habits for Career Success

10 Powerful Habits for Career Success Every day, we’re inundated with information about how to become our best selves†¦and too often there’s a price tag attached. Take this seminar! Buy this energy drink! Wear this power outfit! There’s seemingly no end to the number of things we can buy and use to make ourselves wealthier or more successful. Now, I don’t want to say those products are all bunk (and for the low, low price of $299.95, you can take my seminar on why all other success-promising products are terrible), but†¦they’re kinda bunk. You actually already have a lot of the tools you need to become more successful and productive. Or at least you can pick them up and develop them, with no additional cost to you and yours. The changes to make your day more effective and productive start with you, like any good changes. Basically, some of the habits that can make you more successful are already within your grasp†¦you just need to figure out how to work them in throughout your day.1. Morning Habits2. Workday Habits3. Anytime HabitsMorning HabitsBecoming a morning person can have great benefits for your health and motivation overall. If you’re already a morning person, you probably just have to make a couple of tweaks to your routine here and there to maximize the benefits. If you’re not a morning person, well, now’s as good a time as any to start becoming one!1. Get up earlier.I hear that groan from some of you, and I sympathize- I too am a snooze button enthusiast. But adjusting your wake-up routine by just 30 minutes  (or ideally, an hour) will make it feel like there really are more hours in the day. It has the benefit of easing you into the day without feeling rushed, and allows for more time to do things like #2 and #3 (spoiler alert). â€Å"I’m gonna wake up earlier every day† is easier said than done, so here are some ways you can actually get to the â€Å"doing† phase:Stop hitting the â€Å"snooze † button. The snooze button almost always leads to overestimating how much time you have before you really need to get up and go.Find an alarm clock you can’t ignore. Like one that runs away from you. Or an app that nudges you awake at the optimal time in your sleep phase. It can be as simple as a phone or radio alarm set to music you dislike, so that you have an incentive to get up and shut it off†¦and while you’re up, you might as well start moving, no?2. Eat a good breakfast.Your parents and Saturday morning cartoons were right on this one†¦a healthy, balanced breakfast primes your brain and your body for a busy day.3. Work out in the morning.If you don’t have time for a trip to the gym, you can do other things, like lengthening Fido’s morning walk, or taking a few extra minutes to do yoga. Think of it as an extra jolt to get your body in motion so it stays in motion for the day.Workday HabitsThese are especially crucial at work, but yo u may find yourself applying them to other daily habits and routines as well.4. Stop procrastinating.You can do this later, but will you? Admitting you have a problem is the first step to recovery, and in this case that means acknowledging that this task will be put off until tomorrow, and then probably Friday, and then after that who knows. Even if no one’s watching or especially cares about this task getting done, you do. It’s important to set and keep your own deadlines.5. Don’t get caught in a downtime vortex.We all need breaks sometimes- that’s non-negotiable for anyone who wants to maintain sanity, or give their eyes a break from staring at screens incessantly. Managing those breaks more efficiently will help tune up your day.For example, if that personal email check slides into a peek at your fantasy baseball team, then a Twitter conversation with your college roommate, and then maybe a bathroom break, it can be tough to get back on task. Charley M endoza at Keepinspiring.me recommends a 15-minute trick to keep a two-minute break from sliding into a 30-minute break in productivity: â€Å"Next time you don’t feel like working, keep calm and use the Force. And by that, I mean, force yourself to work for just 15 minutes then see what happens. Usually, those 15 minutes will be enough to give you some momentum.†It can help to have mini agendas for your breaks†¦for example, have two or three specific social media breaks during the day where you peek at Facebook doings quickly, then go back to your main task at hand. The next break can be the check of your baseball team, to see if you really should play that center fielder, then go back to the task at hand. Free-form breaks can get dangerous to all things productive, so it’s good to have a quick in-and-out plan so that you can get back to work before inertia sets in.6. Stay informed.This goes for the world in general (maybe work in some news breaks alongside the social media ones), but especially on matters that directly affect you, your company, or your industry. It can be as simple as following a few influential people in your field on social media, and doing a quick daily check to see what they’re discussing.Also, read more in general. Current events, magazines, novels about teenage werewolves in love, biographies of famous First Ladies†¦the subject matter and format don’t matter as much as cultivating a habit of daily reading. Superman entrepreneur Elon Musk is rumored to have read four hours a day when he was younger, but that seems a bit excessive for most people with busy lives. If you have a train or bus commute, that’s a way to work in a few minutes of reading. It can also be a nightly ritual, just 15 minutes before you go to bed. It’s all about finding a few minutes to decompress and read about something outside of your own perspective.7. Find a way to decompress when stress is high.If you sta rt from a place where you feel frazzled and stressed out, your day is not likely to improve from there. However, stress will almost always come into play in your work life at some point, no matter what you do. So how can you reconcile those? Work on compartmentalizing, and developing small ways to alleviate that stress at work. Meditation is a good way to stop everything from swirling around your head or your desk for a moment. And in fact, it turns out that the workplace may be one of the best places to meditate, because it has the potential for immediate benefits. Here are three basic meditations to get you started, and help you get back to a less stressed spot where you feel more ready to tackle the rest of the day.Anytime HabitsEven when you’re not technically working, keep working on  yourself. The benefits will seep into all parts of your life: personal and professional.8. Keep moving.A sedentary day can be one of the biggest energy sucks around, especially if you go from desk chair to couch. Throughout your day, try to get up and take a short walk in between tasks, or try some office yoga to get your body in the game. At home, get up and do something small (a chore, a trip upstairs, playing with your pet iguana) in between episodes during a Netflix binge. Again, as with the morning exercise, it’s not what you do so much as that you’re moving and keeping your mind and body alert.9. Prioritize your health.Making conscious choices about what you eat, and how/when you exercise is a great start, but this also means doing a lot of basic maintenance: like regular check ups, using stress relief methods when you need them, and actually taking sick days when you really just need a day to heal up and watch some daytime TV while you sniffle. Trying to plow through discomfort, pain, or illness is going to knock you off your game, and taking the time and effort to make sure you’re present and healthy is a big contributor to everyday succ ess.10. Say yes more often.Maybe not to everything that comes along, but when you find yourself about to say â€Å"no† to doing something (taking on a new task, trying something different), ask yourself why that is. If saying yes wouldn’t hurt you or cause hardship, and could very well lead to you experiencing and enjoying something different, then be bold and change your answer. [via Giphy]These are all pretty manageable, no? And there’s no need to be a hero and introduce all of them at once. Find the ones that work well with your routines, and start there. Small steps, small wins = big results as you get more comfortable making changes to your routine.

Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussions - Essay Example  § 242, witnessed when los Angeles police officers involved in beating Rodney king were charged with assault with deadly weapons and excessive use of force. Lesser included are crimes that share some but not all the elements of a greater crime. While committing a major crime, some elements of a lesser crime would have been violated which a person will be charged. Examples of lesser-included crimes could be unlawful entry in case of burglary. Manslaughter is a lesser included crime in case one commits murder and in case of a rape, assault is treated as a lesser included crime (Orzach & Spurr, 2008). Lesser-included crimes do not violate double jeopardy as it concerns different criminal violations that are tied to one another. Additionally, lesser-included crime and the greater crime carry different weights in case of double jeopardy, the weight of the crimes are relatively the same. Fairness is among the focus pillars of justice. In case one is subjected to answer to crimes committed in one act and presented in multiple forms, it would be unfair to the defendant. Moreover, it would not be fair either for the state to prosecute in multiple jurisdictions even if there are sufficient resources to carry out the process; this is because the defendant’s right to double jeopardy will be violated. Mandatory sentencing is a setting where court decision to make some judicial judgment is limited by the law. In the application of mandatory sentencing, some crimes must be punished at least for a minimum number of years. The rule of mandatory sentencing was majorly designed to curb hard drug trafficking, but has been expanded to include other crimes. Mandatory sentencing is important as it ensures uniformity in the punishment of offenders who commit crimes that are deemed more threatening to the state and its people, and eliminates any dishonesty that may characterize a judgment (Ulmer, 2007). Mandatory sentencing shifts sentencing discretion from